]> NIF-Cell: contains cell types from SAO-Cell and NIF-Cell v.1.7 - May 2, 2012 v.1.1 (February, 2009) - * Duplicate classes from SAO (sao_ and nifext_ prefixed IDs) has been eliminated as identified in the NeuroLex wiki. While retiring the duplicate classes, kept the ones with most detailed annotations or merged the annotation (synonyms, definitions etc) into the ones that had more/better information regardless of their IDs with sao or nifext prefixes. * Not all sao prefixed IDs are out of date or replaced by nifext. v.1.2 (April 5, 2009) - New classes have been added from NeuroLex wiki since the 1.0 release (Class ID: nlx_cell_20081201 to 20090403). v.1.3 (April 20, 2009) - The labels for the Neuron names were changed into standardized ones as proposed by Gordon Shephard as part of the cell working group * The classes are with modifiedDate: April 15, 2009 * Older labels were kept as one of the synonyms for those classes with the new labels. v.1.5 (June 10, 2010) - Added new classes from BAMS. v.1.7 (May 2, 2012) - Added contributions from NeuroLex cell categories. v.1.9 (December 2, 2012) - Added minor contributions from NeuroLex. Solitary tract nucleus principal cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Nucleus of the Solitary Tract principle cell SenseLab Solitary tract nucleus principal cell Solitary tract nucleus principal neuron Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Nucleus of the Solitary Tract intrinsic cell SenseLab Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic neuron Spinocerebellar (dorsal) tract cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell NeuroMorpho.org Spinocerebellar (dorsal) tract cell Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron 2007-09-05 Definition and SAO_ID Added. Large, multipolar neuron found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and in cranial nerve motor nuclei in the brain stem that innervate muscle. May 28, 2009 Motor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron motoneuron sao1460710779 Motor neuron spinal 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. Action note added. December 9, 2008 March 19, 2009 Motor neuron spinal SAO This classification is not orthogonal to the alpha, beta classification and needs to be rethought (M. Martone, October 26, 2008). This is a non orthogonal class which should be defined by restrictions. anterior horn cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 true Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. Alpha Motor Neuron Large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle Fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. March 31, 2009 SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha lower motor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. April 15, 2009 Beta motor neuron SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. April 15, 2009 Gamma motor neuron March 19, 2009 Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma fusimotor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron autonomic 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Sympathetic nervous system function. April 15, 2009 Autonomic motor neuron March 31, 2009 SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron autonomic http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 December 9th, 2008 Moved as a subclass of 'Autonomic motor neuron' from 'Motor neuron'. Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic Sympathetic motor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. April 15, 2009 December 9, 2008 IA interneuron Moved as a subclass of 'Neuron' instead of a subclass of 'Autonomic motor neuron'. SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. April 15, 2009 IB interneuron SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. April 15, 2009 II interneuron SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. NeuroMorpho.org Renshaw cell SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 FFA interneuron Flexor reflex afferent interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Proprioception intersegmental cell Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental neuron Spinal cord ventral horn intersegmental cell proprioception Spinal cord ventral horn intersegmental cell proprioception Olfactory epithelium (main) sensory cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. February 12, 2010 ORN OSN Olfactory receptor neuron Olfactory receptor neuron Sensory neuron stimulated by odor molecules (GMS 8-10-09) Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb, In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. This is the sensory neuron of the main olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity that transduces odor molecules into receptor potentials, which give rise to the impulse trains that are sent further in the olfactory system.. It is a small bipolar cell in the pseudostratified olfactory epithelium, with cell body 8-15 um diameter giving rise to a single dendrite ending in a knob at the epithelial surface, from which arise several sensory cilia. A single unmyelinated axon descends through the basal lamina and turns to project to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. olfactory receptor olfactory receptor cell olfactory sensory cell olfactory sensory neuron Globose cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. A type of neural stem cell in the olfactory epithelium April 8, 2010 GBC Globose basal cell Globose cell Olfactory cortex horizontal cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. April 15, 2009 Horizontal cell (olfactory) Olfactory cortex horizontal cell Main olfactory epithelium supporting (sustentacular) cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. April 15, 2009 Main olfactory epithelium supporting (sustentacular) cell Main olfactory epithelium sustentacular cell Supporting cell sustentacular cell Olfactory bulb (main) mitral cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. MC March 31, 2009 Mitral cell Mitral neuron Olfactory bulb main mitral cell Olfactory bulb main mitral cell Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is usually characterized in the mammal by a single primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches which receives input from the axons of olfactory receptor neurons. Axons of the mitral cells project to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 sao900005350 Olfactory bulb main tufted cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. December 15, 2009 Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle) Olfactory bulb main tufted cell Principal neuron located in the outer third of the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Each tufted cell is characterized by usually a single short primary dendrite that traverses the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon terminals. Differentiated from external tufted cells. Axons of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. TC Tufted cell Olfactory bulb (accessory) glomerular layer cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. February 12, 2010 Glomerular layer cell Olfactory bulb glomerular layer cell Olfactory bulb glomerular layer cell Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory bulb. In The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. Equivalent to the periglomerular cell of the main olfactory bulb, but the glomeruli are less clearly differentiated. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region. periglomerular cell Olfactory bulb (main) granule cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. February 12, 2010 GC (MOB) Granule cell of olfactory bulb Main olfactory bulb granule cell Olfactory Granule cell Olfactory bulb main granule cell Olfactory granule neuron Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. The main intrinsic neuron in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It lacks an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive information from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and send information to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. sao776599268 Olfactory bulb (main) Blanes cell 2007-09-05 A large, stellate shaped short axon interneuron found in the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb. A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Added: Definition, synonym and defining citation. Blane's cell Blanes cell Blanes neuron February 12, 2010 Main olfactory bulb short axon cell deep Olfactory bulb (main) deep short axon cell Olfactory bulb main short axon cell deep Pressier, R. T. and Strowbridge, B. W. Blanes cells mediate persistent feedforward inhibition onto granule cells in the olfactory bulb. Neuron 49 (6): 889-904, 2006. Short axon cell Superficial interneuron 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Superficial interneuron Neocortex interneuron deep 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. April 15, 2009 Deep interneuron Neocortex interneuron deep Cerebellum granule cell 146519 2007-09-05 Cerebellar granule cell Cerebellum granule cell Definition Added May 12, 2011 NIF NeuroMorpho just lists granule cell SAO SenseLab sao1736323572 Golgi cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Golgi cell NIF SAO SenseLab Cerebellum stellate cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Cerebellar stellate cell Cerebellum stellate cell Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. NIF SAO SenseLab Cerebellar basket cell #sao1417703748 #sao666951243 2007-09-05 Cerebellar basket cell March 19, 2009 NIF SAO SenseLab This class has been retired. true Cerebellum unipolar brush cell 2007-09-05 A type of cell in the cerebellar cortex, first described in 1977 by Altman and Bayer, characterized by a single dendrite ending in a small brush consisting of a number of small dendrites called dendrioles. Unipolar brush cells are found in primarily in the granular cell layer and most concentrated in lobule IX, the flocculus, the nodulus and the ventromedial zone of the paraflocculus. Their somata are larger than granule cells but smaller than Golgi cells. They are known to stain for calretinin. Cerebellum unipolar brush cell February 12, 2010 Kalinchichenko, S. G. and Okhotin, V. E. Unipolar brush cells-a new type of excitatory interneuron in the cerebellar cortex and cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 25 (1), 21-26, 2005 NIF Note that this reference was translated from the original Russian and appeared in Morfologiya, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 7, December, 2003. SAO There are apparently two distinct populations of UBC's staining for calretinin and mGluR1 alpha respectively UBC Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush neuron Cerebellum Lugaro cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Cerebellum Lugaro cell December 5, 2008 Definition edited. Lugaro cell NIF Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer characterized by a fusiform cell body with thick, horizontally oriented dendrites. Lugaro cells are located in or slightly below the Purkinje cell layer at the outermost edge of the granular layer. Neocortex candelabrum cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 BAMS Candelabrum cell Candelabrum neuron Neocortex candelabrum cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell DCN glutamatergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus glutamatergic cell NIF deep cerebellar nucleus glutamatergic cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell DCN Gabaergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus gabaergic cell NIF deep cerebellar nucleus GABAergic cell Rhombic lip stem cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 NIF Rhombic lip stem cell CD133 positive stem cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 CD133 positive stem cell NIF Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 BAMS Neocortex pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell Olfactory cortex pyramidal neuron Small pyramidal neuron Spiny bipolar cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Spiny bipolar cell Neostriatum medium spiny neuron 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 March 31, 2009 Medium spiny cell Medium spiny neuron Medium-sized spiny neuron Neostriatal spiny neuron Neostriatum spiny medium cell Neostriatum spiny medium cell Neostriatum spiny medium neuron NeuroMorpho.org SAO SenseLab Striatal medium spiny cell Striatal spiny neuron http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/med_spiny_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg sao68203136 Giant cholinergic interneuron 'Large striatal aspiny neuron' added as a synonym 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 December 10, 2008 Giant cholinergic interneuron Large striatal aspiny neuron SAO SenseLab Striatal cholingergic interneuron large striatal aspiny neuron This class has been retired. true Neostriatum parvalbumin interneuron 2007-09-05 A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. THe axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) February 12, 2010 Gaba/parvalbumin striatal interneuron Neo Striatum GABA interneuron Neo Striatum Parvalbumin interneuron Neo striatum GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Neostriatum gaba/parvalbumin interneuron SenseLab Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. Striatum (neo) GABA interneuron Striatum (neo) GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Striatum (neo) GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Striatum (neo) Parvalbumin interneuron Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell Neostriatum SOM/NOS interneuron SOM/NOS interneuron somatostatin/nitric oxide synthase interneuron Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 5, 2008 Substantia nigra dopaminergic cell Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell sao34994437 sao34994437 Pars laminaris dopaminergic cell * This class has been retired. * Reason:There doesn't appear to be such as structure as pars laminaris. 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Pars laminaris dopaminergic cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_145 true Substania nigra pars reticulata interneuorn GABA 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 4, 2008 Pars reticulata Gaba interneuron SAO Substania nigra pars reticulata interneuorn GABA Substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA neuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Pars reticulata principle neuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron Globus pallidus principal cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Globus pallidus principal cell Globus pallidus principle cell Globus pallidus intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Globus pallidus intrinsic cell Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal neuron April 15, 2009 Pyramidal cell corticomedial amygdalar nucleus Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal cell Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal neuron April 15, 2009 Pyramidal cell basolateral amygdalar nucleus Dentate gyrus granule cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 December 5, 2008 Dentate granule celle Dentate gyrus granule cell Dentate gyrus granule neuron Granule cell of dentate gyrus SAO SenseLab The dentate gyrus granule cell is the only principal cell of the dentate gyrus. sao2007319345 Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Islands of Calleja Gaba interneuron Islets of Calleja Gaba interneuron Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA interneuron Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Islands of Calleja dopamine cell Islets of Calleja dopamine cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA neuron Hippocampal pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Hippocampal pyramidal cell Hippocampal pyramidal neuron This class has been retired http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao131261273 true CA1 pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 CA1 pyramidal cell CA1 pyramidal neuron This class has been retired http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao830368389 true CA3 pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 CA3 pyramidal cell CA3 pyramidal neuron This class has been retired http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao383526650 true Subiculum pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 10, 2008 Moved as a subclass of 'Pyramidal Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Also a difinition is added for this class. Pyramidal neuron whose cell body is located in the subiculum. Subiculum pyramidal cell Subiculum pyramidal neuron Hippocampal basket cell 2007-09-05 April 2, 2009 Hippocampal basket cell SenseLab Neocortex chandelier-type cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Chandelier-type cell Neocortex handelier-type cell SenseLab Neostriatum SOM cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Neostriatum SOM cell Neostriatum SOM interneuron SOM cell SenseLab somatostatin containing cell Olfactory cortex polymorphic cell 2007-09-05 February 12, 2009 Olfactory cortex polymorphic neuronl Olfactory piriform cortex polymorphic cell Piriform (olfactory) cortex polymorphic cell Piriform (olfactory) cortex polymorphic cell Polymorphic cell SenseLab Mossy cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Mossy cell SenseLab Subependymal Astrocyte 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 SAO Subependymal Astrocyte Type I/II Oligodendrocyte 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 SAO Type I/II Oligodendrocyte Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 SAO Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte Muller cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Muller cell NIF SAO Oligodendrocyte precursor cell 2007-09-05 March 3, 2010 Oligodendrocyte precursor cell SAO This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1213292244 true Retina ganglion cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Retina ganglion cell Retinal Ganglion Cell Retinal Ganglion Neuron SenseLab Microglial cell 2007-09-05 A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. December 9, 2008 March 19, 2008 Microglial cell Need to update this definition to include morphological criteria. Partial definition added and mapped with sao ID sao789292116. SAO http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/microglia2_sw_512x512.jpg microglia sao789292116 Pericyte *Slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. (From OBO Cell Type Ontology). *A flattened, or elongated, stellate-shaped solitary cell with multiple cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillary endothelium and contacting a large abluminal vessel area. It may be equivalent to the vascular smooth muscle cell, although this identify has not been conclusively determined yet (Armulik et al., Circ Res 97: 512, 2005). 2007-09-05 CL:0000184 December 11, 2008 Definition and editorial note added. Moved as a subclass of 'Cell' instead instead of a subclass of 'Muscle Cell'. March 19, 2009 Mural Cell Need to modify this definition to include morphology. OBO Cell Type Ontology v1.36 Pericyte Rouget Cell SAO sao1355908696 Chemosensory receptor cell 2007-10-10 April 15, 2009 Chemosensory receptor Chemosensory receptor cell Chemosensory receptor neuron SenseLab Retina ganglion cell large field 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Large field ganglion cell NeuroMorpho.org Retina ganglion cell large field Retina ganglion cell medium complex 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Medium complex ganglion cell NeuroMorpho.org Retina ganglion cell medium complex Retina ganglion cell medium simple 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Medium simple ganglion cell NeuroMorpho.org Retina ganglion cell medium simple Retina ganglion cell small complex 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NeuroMorpho.org Retina ganglion cell small complex Small complex ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell small simple 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Retina ganglion cell small simple SenseLab Small simple ganglion cell S-cone cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. NIF S-cone cell Retina photoreceptor cone M 129792 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. February 12, 2010 M-cone cell M-cone neuron NIF Retina cone M Retina photoreceptor cone M L-cone cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. L-cone cell NIF UV-cone cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. NIF UV-cone cell Double cone cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Double cone cell SenseLab Retina bipolar cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NIF Retina bipolar neuron Retinal Bipolar Neuron Retinal Bipolar cell Retinal Bipolar cell SenseLab Retina bipolar cell on 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NIF On cell Retina bipolar cell on Retina bipolar cell off 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NIF Off cell Retina bipolar cell off Retina bipolar cell midget 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Midget cell NIF Retina bipolar cell midget Retina bipolar cell parasol 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NIF Parasol cell Retina bipolar cell parasol Retina amacrine cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Amacrine Neuron Amacrine cell Amacrine cell April 9, 2010 SenseLab The name amacrine cell was given by Cajal to cells that have no axon. He observed such cells not only in the retina but also in other parts of the brain. In the retina none of the amacrine cells appear to have have axons or axonlike processes, with the possible exception of the so to called association amacrine observed by Cajal (Ramon y Cajal, 1892, 1911) in the bird retina; this amacrine cell type may be a short to axon amacrine cell similar to the short to axon horizontal cell. Usually all the processes of a single anacrine cell look similar when viewed in Golgi to stained material by light microscopy. Retina amacrine cell starburst 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NIF Retina amacrine cell starburst Starburst amacrine cell Retina interplexiform cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Interplexiform amacrine cell NIF Retina interplexiform cell Retina amacrine cell displaced 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Displaced amacrine cell NIF Retina amacrine cell displaced Retina horizontal cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Horizontal cell (retina) NIF Retina horizontal cell SenseLab retinal horizontal cell Thalamocortical cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. SenseLab Thalamocortical cell thalamic relay cell thalamocortical neuron Magnocellular cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Check to see whether these are relay cells or interneurons M cell Magnocellular cell NIF Parvocellular cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 NIF P cell Parvocellular cell Koniocellular cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 K cell Koniocellular cell NIF Thalamic reticular nucleus cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Thalamic reticular neuron Thalamic reticular nucleus cell Thalamic reticular nucleus neuron thalamic reticular cell Thalamus interneuron small 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 12, 2010 Golgi lla cell Small interneuron thalamic Thalamus interneuron small small thalamic interneuron thalamic Golgi lla neuron Thalamus interneuron large 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. April 15, 2009 Large interneuron thalamic Thalamus interneuron large Cortex (general) pyramidal cell 129805 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Any pyramidal neuron whose cell some is located in the cerebral cortex or any of its parts April 15, 2009 Cortex (general) pyramidal neuron Cortical Pyramidal cell Cortical Pyramidal cell General cortex pyramidal cell General cortex pyramidal neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. April 15, 2009 Layer 2-3 pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2-3 corticocortical cell superficial pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. April 15, 2009 Layer 5-6 pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5-6 deep pyramidal cell Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 129937 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. April 15, 2009 Layer 5-6 polymorphic cell Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 Neocortex polymorphic neuron layer 5-6 polymorphic cell Neocortex stellate cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. April 15, 2009 Neocortex stellate cell Stellate cell cortical This class should be made obsolete cortical stellate cell layer 4 stellate cell Neocortex layer 4 stellate cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Cortical stellate cell February 12, 2009 Spiny stellate cell Spiny stellate cell Spiny stellate neuron cortical spiny stellate cell cortical stellate neuron Retina stellate cell aspiny 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Aspiny cortical stellate cell Aspiny cortical stellate neuron Aspiny stellate cell December 5, 2008 Retina stellate cell aspiny Neocortex Martinotti cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Martinotti cell Neocortex Martinotti cell Neocortex basket cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Basket cell (cortical) Neocortex basket cell cortical basket cell cortical basket neuron Neocortex chandelier cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Chandelier cell Chandelier neuron Cortical chandelier Cell Cortical chandelier cell chandelier neuron December 5, 2008 Neocortex chandelier cell Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some cells have a more multipolar configuration. sao1267578530 Golgi II cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Golgi II cell NIF Neocortex bouquet double cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Double bouquet cell March 19, 2009 Neocortex bouquet double cell Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). CA1 neurogliaform cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 CA1 neurogliaform cell NeuroMorpho.org Neurogliaform cell Hair cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Hair cell This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao2046464388 true Macula hair cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. April 14, 2010 April 15, 2009 Hair cell located in the macula of the utricle Hair cell macula Macula hair cell March 19, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Hair cell type I 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. April 15, 2009 Hair cell Type 1 Hair cell type I Hair cell type II March 19, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Hair cell inner 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Hair cell inner Inner Hair Cell March 19, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Hair cell outer 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Hair cell outer March 19, 2009 Outer Hair Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Vestibular ganglion cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. April 2, 2009 Scarpa's ganglion cell Vestibular ganglioin neuron Vestibular ganglion cell Scarpa's ganglion cell (vestibular nerve) 2007-09-05 8th nerve ganglion cell 8th nerve ganglion cell 8th nerve ganglion neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Auditory ganglion cell Auditory ganglion neuron December 5, 2008 There is something wrong with this category; we are mixing up auditory and vestibular nerves. (Maryann Martone) vestibular nerve ganglion cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar T cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar T cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar T cell October 6, 2009 T multipolar cell Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar T cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell D multipolar cell Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar D cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell December 10, 2008 Globular Bushy Cell Globular Bushy Neuron Moved as a suclass of 'Bushy Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Ventral cochlear nucleus globular bushy cell sao1417703748 sao538050329 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell December 10, 2008 Moved as a suclass of 'Bushy Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Spherical Bushy Cell Ventral cochlear nucleus spherical bushy cell sao1417703748 sao1482618768 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) octopus cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Added the definition and the defining citation. April 15, 2009 Cochlear (ventral) nucleus octopus cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus octopus cell Large neuron located in the "octopus cell containing region" of the posteior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus with an oriented dendritic tree that is shaped like an octopus. The orientation is perpendicular to auditory nerve fibers. October 6, 2009 Octopus Cell Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Ventral cochlear nucleus octopus cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus vertical cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus vertical cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus vertical cell October 6, 2009 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies and dendrites are intermingled among the basal dendrtici trees of pyramidal cells. Their dendrites are smooth and are flattened in the plane of the isofrequency sheet so that in a coronal section, they appear to be oriented vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the layers. They are inhibitory and use glycine as a neurotransmitter. Vertical Cell tuberculoventral cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Bipolar neuron found in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells are characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the deep layer. The basal dendrites have few branches and receive inputs from the auditory nerve. The densely spiny apical dendrites are contacted by parallel fibers. Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus fusiform cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron December 9, 2008 Definition, defining citation and synonyms are added. Dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell DCN Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. fusiform cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) giant cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Dorsal cochlear nucleus giant cell Giant cell Giant cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Added the difinition and the definning citation. April 15, 2009 Cartwheel cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell December 10, 2008 Dorsal cochlear nucleus cartwheel cell Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Type of neuron found in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Their cell bodies lie in the pyramidal cell layer and their dendrites span the molecular layer and are densely covered with spines contacted by parallel fibers. They share many features with cerebellar Purkinje neurons. These cells stain for GABA and glycine markers and contact pyramidal, giant an dother cargwheel cells through glycinergic synapses. Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) granule cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Added the definition and the defining citation. Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus granule cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus granule cell December 10, 2008 Dorsal cochlear nucleus granule cell Granule Cell DCN October 6, 2009 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Small cell found in the cochlear nucleus that resemble cerebellar granule cells and appear to be developmentally related to them. Their axons project to the molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus where they form parallel fibers. check on granule morph type Trapezoid body principal cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. SenseLab Trapezoid body principal cell Trapezoid body principal neuron Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 December 11, 2008 Principal Cells Medial Nucleus Trapezoid Body Principal neuron of medial trapezoid body Properties derived from Gersdorff and Borst (2002). SAO_ID added. Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal neuron sao1918137235 Trapezoid body intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab Trapezoid body intrinsic cell Trapezoid body intrinsic neuron Neocortex bipolar cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Bipolar dendrite cell Neocortex bipolar cell SenseLab Colliculus inferior principal cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Colliculus inferior principal cell Colliculus inferior principal neuron Inferior colliculus principal neuron Inferior colliculus principle cell SenseLab Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell Colliculus inferior intrinsic neuron Inferior colliculus intrinsic cell SenseLab Dorsal root ganglion cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. DRG cell Dorsal root ganglion cell Dorsal root ganglion neuron Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. March 19, 2009 SenseLab DRG hair follicle cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 DRG hair follicle cell Hair follicle cell SenseLab DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell Pacinian corpuscle cell SenseLab DRG Merckel disc cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 DRG Merckel disc cell Merckel disc cell SenseLab DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell Meissner's corpuscle cell SenseLab DRG pain cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. DRG pain cell March 31, 2009 Pain cell SenseLab DRG temperature cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab Temperature cell Temperature cell DRG IA cell 146554 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. DRG IA cell IA ganglion cell May 12, 2011 SenseLab DRG IB cell 146555 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. DRG IB cell IB ganglion cell May 12, 2011 SenseLab DRG II cell 146556 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. DRG II cell II ganglion cell May 12, 2011 SenseLab Gracilis nucleus principal cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 April 3, 2009 Gracilis Nucleus principle cell Gracilis nucleus principal cell Neurotransmitter reference: Broman, J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anatomy and Embryology 189(3): 181-214, 1994 SenseLab Gracilis nucleus intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 April 3, 2009 Gracilis Nucleus intrinsic cell Gracilis Nucleus intrinsic cell Gracilis nucleus intrinsic neuron Neurotransmitter reference: Broman, J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anatomy and Embryology 189(3): 181-214, 1994 SenseLab Trigeminal nucleus principle cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab Trigeminal Nucleus principle cell Trigeminal nucleus principle neuron Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic neuron Taste bud type 1 cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Gustatory System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab Taste bud type 1 cell Taste bud type 2 cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Gustatory System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab Taste bud type 2 cell Olfactory bulb (main) adult-born granule cell 172258 March 20, 2012 The olfactory bulb adult-born granule cell is a cohort of cell that comprise a large fraction of the vertibrate olfactory bulb granule cell layer. These neurons proliferate from from the subventricular zone, migrate through the rostral migratory stream and integrate into the olfactory bulb granule cell layer. Upon arriving in the olfactory bulb granule cell layer they migrate radially outward and mature with morphologies similar to neonate olfactory bulb granule cells. This process continues throughout the adult life of the vertibrate.[1] Hippocampus CA1 stratum oriens interneuron Maryann Martone September 29, 2009 Tufted Astrocyte August 31, 2009 Jane Bugea Olfactory cortex large multipolar cell A type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep part of layer III of th eolfactory cortex and the subjacent endopiriform nucleus. Several subpopulations of deep multipolar cells may be distinguished based on morphology and physiology. Maryann Martone Olfactory cortex large multipolar neuron September 29, 2009 Shepherd, G. S. Synaptic organization of the brain Olfactory cortex small globular cell A small stellate cell with globular somata found in all layers of the piriform cortex. September 29, 2009 hepherd, G. S. Synaptic organization of the brain Dentate gyrus IS-III cell 17093119 8589792 DG MOPP October 1, 2009 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Sridevi Polavaram The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell narrow 17611285 A type of neuron found in hippocampal area CA2 characterized by radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The narrow CA2 bistratified cell dendrites and axons are more confined within the CA2 region. CA2 bistratified cell Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 October 1, 2009 Sridevi P. Olfactory cortex semilunar cell Maryann Martone October 5, 2009 Projection neuron found in the superficial border of layer II of piriform cortex similar in characteristics to a pyramidal cell and also resembling the granule cell of the dentate gyrus. It has an apical but no basilar dendrites. They project to other cortical areas but, in contrast to pyramidal cells, they do not project back to the olfactory bulb. semilunar cell semilunar neuron Dentate gyrus HIPP cell 17093119 8915675 DG HIPP December 5, 2009 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Sridevi Polavaram The Dentate gyrus HIPP cell (HIlar Perforant Path-associated cell) is an interneuron in the Hippocampal formation. It is a long-spined multipolar cell that is conspicuous of distribution of copious, long and often branched spines over its cell body and dendrites. The axonal plexus can extend as much as 3.5mm along the septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus. Since inhibitory interneurons typically have aspiny dendrites and relatively local axonal plexuses, this long spined multipolar/HIPP cell is a very atypical interneuron. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Trapezoid body neuron Olfactory bulb main periglomerular cell December 15, 2009 Olfactory bulb periglomerular cell PG cell PGC Periglomerular neuron Small intrinsic neuron found in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrites that arborizes within a glomerulus to receive synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engage in dendrodendritic interactions with mitrl/tufted cell dendrites. Occasionally, bitufted PG cells that connect to two glomeruli are seen. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region, extending as far as five glomeruli away. Some PG cells appear to lack axons. Subtypes may be identified based on their biochemical constituents. (Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) Dentate gyrus IS-I cell 17093119 DG IS-I DG Interneuron-specific cell December 5, 2009 Sridevi Polavaram The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate gyrus IS-I class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Calretinin (CR) and establish multiple symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and somata of other CR-positive IS-I cells, Calbindin (CB) containing interneurons, and VIP-positive basket cells, but they do not innervate PV-containing interneurons. The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS I neurons appear in all layers of Dentate gyrus and more characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they form long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. p58 and p184. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007; Freund & Buzsaki 1996 p374, PMID 8915675 Dentate gyrus IS-II cell 8915675 DG IS-II DG Interneruon-specific II cell December 18, 2009 Page 58. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007; Freund & Buzsaki 1996 p374 p418, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate Gyrus IS-II class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II cells are present in all layers of Dentate gyrus. Hippocampus CA1 basket cell December 18, 2009 Not sure that this is what was meant by EC stellate II. May have to delete this class. Hippocampus CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron 15539390 CA1 O-LM CA1 O-LM interneuron CA1 Oriens Lacunosum Moleculare (O-LM) cell is one kind of non-pyramidal cell types in the stratum oriens, stratum radiatum, and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus. These cells are mostly immunoreactive to GABAergic markers and hence considered interneurons. In CA1 O-LM cells the cell body is located in stratum oriens. The axons of O-LM cell leave the stratum oriens and rise directly to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, ramifying there to form a dense plexus. These axons form symmetrical synapses with the distal apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, because most of the excitatory input to the O-LM cells appears to arise from recurrent collaterals of the pyramidal cells, this class of interneuron inhibits activity in the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells in a disynaptic, feedback manner. December 15, 2009 p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 Hippocampus CA2 basket cell broad CA2 basket cell December 15, 2009 Mercer et. al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 PMID 17611285 The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells have significantly broader dendritic width, and axonal arbors than that of other types of CA2 basket cells or of CA1 basket cells. This cell lacks calbindin. We need to add a "lacks molecular constituent" property Hippocampus CA2 basket cell narrow 17611285 CA2 basket cell December 15, 2009 Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons in the CA2 region whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The narrow basket cells are narrow and both dendrites and axons are confined to the region of origin. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad 17611285 CA2 bistratified cell December 15, 2009 Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 The CA2 bistratified cells have radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The broad CA2 bistratified cells have dendrites that extend horizontally into all three CA subfields. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 IS-I cell CA3 IS I CA3 Interneuron Specific (IS) cells constitute IS-I, IS-II and IS-III based on their connectivity and neurochemical characteristics. IS-I neurons are visualized for CR and occur in all subfields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The CA3 IS-I cells has soma located in strata radiatum, oriens and pyramidale. The dendritic tree arborizes extensively in stratum radiatum but may also invade other layers. The characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. The main axons ramify in stratum radiatum, where they emit several collaterals that course in all directions. CA3 Interneuron-specific I cell December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p373, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 IS-II cell 8915675 CA3 IS II CA3 interneuron-specific II cell December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p374, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram The CA3 IS-II cell type is visualized by immunostaining for VIP. IS-II neurons are characterized in hippocampus alone, where their somata are found in stratum radiatum. The dendritic tree consists of a tuft of smooth or sparsely spiny dendrites restricted to stratum lacunosum-moleculare, where they profusely arborize. The axon descends toward stratum pyramidale, thus forming weeping willowlike arbor. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 axo-axonic cell 8915675 CA3 Chandelier cells of the hippocampus are very similar to those in the dentate gyrus. The cell bodies are located within or immediately adjacent to the pyramidal cell layer and possess radially oriented dendrites spanning all layers. According to the distribution of the dendritic tree, chandelier cells are in a position to receive excitatory input from all major sources of afferents in both the CA1 and CA3 subfields. CA3 chandelier cell December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p355, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 basket cell CA3 pyramidal basket cell December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p357, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram The CA3 basket cell is an interneuron located in hippocampus area CA3 characterized by a triangular or fusiform soma, with one to three dendrites extending from the cell soma. One of the three dendrites originate from the apical pole of soma, which then branch profusely, ascend through stratum radiatum, and often penetrate stratum lacunosum-moelculare. Primary basal dendrites are more numerous. They also branch close to soma and fan out toward the alveus, spanning the entire depth of stratum oriens. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 lacunosum moleculare neuron 19496174 CA3 LM CA3 LM interneurons December 15, 2009 Sridevi Polavaram The CA3 Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum lacunosum-moleculare that receive converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. These LM neurons have dendrites that are oriented horizontally within the layer but occasionally have branches that extend into the pyramidal cell layer. The axon also takes a predominantly horizontal orientation and ramifies mainly in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare or superficial layer portion of the stratum radiatum. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 Hippocampus CA3 oriens interneuron CA3 SO interneuron CA3 SO neuron December 15, 2009 PMID 7889123, PMID 10051188 Sridevi Polavaram The CA3 stratum oriens interneuron is a fast spiking interneuron in hippocampal area CA3 with a main dendrite arborization extending in the stratum oriens and a widespread axonal arborization in all strata (Kawaguchi et al., 1987). The vast majority of dendritic processes were confined to the same layers as the cell bodies (Kantona et al., 1999). This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron December 15, 2009 OLM OLM cell OLM cells (oriens/lacunosum-moleculare associated cell) has as its defining feature a dense axonal arbor that is confined to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (also known as cells terminating in conjunction with entorhinal afferents). In principle the cell body and dendritic trees are located in the zones occupied by recurrent pyramidal cell collaterals. In CA3 this includes all strata except the stratum oriens. PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 Hippocampus CA3 radiatum neuron Ascoli et al. 2009 J. Comp. Neurol. PMID: 19496174 CA3 R interneuron December 15, 2009 Sridevi Polavaram The CA3 Radiatum (R) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum radiatum which receives converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. The dendritic tree of R interneurons typically extend between the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus and the stratum pyramidale of CA3. The axonal branches often extend beyond their layer of somatic residence into stratum lacunosum-moleculare or stratum pyramidale. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 spiny CR cell CA3 Spiny CR immunoreactive cell CA3 Spiny CR-positive interneurons December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p387, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram The CA3 spiny CR cell is an interneuron in Hippocampus that is present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the meantime, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Dentate gyrus basket cell February 12, 2010 Freund and Buzsaki Hippocampus 1996 (PMID 8915675) Maryann Martone The characteristics provided for this cell class are based on the most abundant data in the field, which are from young adult rats. There could be species-specific, age-specific, and even gender-specific differences. For example, monkey and rat differ in cytoarchitectonic structure and quantitative cell morphology. pyramidal basket cell Amygdaloid nucleus paracapsular intercalated cell GABA containing interneuron that occur in densely packed clusters located in and around the border of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and the external capsule. These cells are characterized by a small soma and a poorly developed short dendrite and their occurrence in tightly packed groups. Two distinct subtypes have been proposed by Marowsky et al (Neuron 48:1025, 2005) based on location and morphology. Millhouse G. E., The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986. These neurons are notable among GABA cells for their lack of calbindin and parvalbumin and other typical constituents of GABA interneurons. I propose that we include a "lacks" property, as endorsed by OBO relations because I suspect that this will also be an important way we distinguish among classes. Neocortex pyramidal basket cell February 12, 2010 pyramidal basket cell pyramidal basket neuron Dentate gyrus trilaminar interneuron February 12, 2010 Neuron with soma in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. The dendritic arbor orientation and axon collateral distribution of this neuron resembles most the trilaminar neuron 0f CA1 region. The axon collaterals extend logitudinally into strata radiatum, pyramidale and oriens, some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main branch entering the fimbria. The dendrites of these neurons run parallel with the pyramidal cell layer. Another special feature is these cells are calbindin-positive immunoreactive neurons. Sik et al. 1997 PMID 9104599 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0 February 12, 2010 V0 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V1 February 12, 2010 V1 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2 February 12, 2010 V2 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V3 February 12, 2010 V3 interneuron Hippocampus CA1 IS-I neuron CA1 IS-I cell Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 Sridevi Polavaram The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) Type I cells is one of the many IS cell types from the CA1 region. The soma is located in stratum radiatum and pyramidale with dendrites spanning most layers and the axon innervating mainly calbindin positive and other calretinin positive cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of VIP by these cells is not known. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Retina photoreceptor cone L February 12, 2010 Retina cone L Retina photoreceptor cone S February 12, 2010 Retina photoreceptor rod April 14, 2010 February 12, 2010 rod rod cell rod photoreceptor Dentate gyrus MOPP cell 8589792 DG MOPP March 19, 2010 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Sridevi Polavaram The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. Dentate gyrus spiny CR cell 8915675 DG Spiny CR DG Spiny CR immunoreactive cell DG Spiny CR-positive interneurons Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p387 March 19, 2010 Sridevi Polavaram The DG spiny CR cells are present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. Tubermammillary nucleus large histamine neuron 3023456 Large neuron in the tubermammillary nucleus that contains histamine and projects widely to the cerebral cortex characterized ultrastructurally by their large size, large spherical nucleus rarely indented, relatively large amounts of cytoplasm including well-developed perinuclearly organized golgi apparatus, numerous small mitochondria, clusters of small cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the large emission cones of primary dendrites and by the partial wrapping by astroglia. March 17, 2010 Tubermammillary histaminergic neuron Wouterlood FG, Sauren YM, Steinbusch HW., Histaminergic neurons in the rat brain: correlative immunocytochemistry, Golgi impregnation, and electron microscopy. Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 252, Pp. 227-244, 1986 Hypoglossal nucleus motor neuron 3667970 March 17, 2010 Motor neuron whose soma lies in the hypoglossal nucleus Takasu N, Nakatani T, Arikuni T, Kimura H. Immunocytochemical localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the hypoglossal nucleus of the macaque monkey, Macaca fuscata: a light and electron microscopic study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol.263, Pp. 42-53, 1987 hypoglossal motoneuron hypoglossal motor neuron hypoglossal nucleus motoneuron Medial geniculate body ventral tufted neuron May 11, 2010 Morest, D. K. (1964) The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body of the cat. J. Anat., Lond., 98, 611 Principle neuron in ventral division of medial geniculate nucleu characterized by strongly tufted dendrites, with overall discoid dendritic fields extending dors-ventrally and antero-posteriorly on average of 200 um. Neurons are arranged in parallel laminae, seen in transverse or horizontal sections of the pars lateralis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=8 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=8 Gigantocellular nucleus giant neuron May 11, 2010 Thalamus medial geniculate nucleus interneuron small Huang CL, Larue DT, Winer JA. GABAergic organization of the cat medial geniculate body. J Comp Neurol. 1999 Dec 20;415(3):368-92 May 11, 2010 Type of small thalamic interneuron medial geniculate Golgi IIa cell medial geniculate small interneuron BNST common spiny neuron BAMSC991 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus May 28, 2010 common spiny cell BNST beaded neuron 146506 BAMSC995 BNST beaded cell Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus May 11, 2011 Neuron located within the core of the nucleus (BSTov) that is termed a beaded neuron (BN) because of its rounded soma and numerous spherules along both dendrites and axon (Fig. 11). The soma measures from 12 to 17 micrometers in its widest axis and is nearly spherical, having a rather smooth profile. The soma issues two or three short primary dendrites, which usually run horizontally. After a short distance (10 to 40 micrometers), these proximal branches give rise to sets of two to five long, secondary dendrites. The occurrence of third to order dendrites is variable, as is their length (20 to 150 micrometers). A defining characteristic of BN dendrites is the presence of distinct varicosities that are virtually devoid of dendritic spines. The BN axon and its collaterals also exhibit a series of small spherules (0.3-0.5 um) united by thin axonal bridges (Lariva-Sahd, 2006, as reported in http://brancusi.usc.edu/bkms). BNST basket neuron 146505 BAMSC988 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus May 11, 2011 bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket cell bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket neuron BNST spiny neuron with chandelier-like axon BAMSC992 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus June 1, 2010 dense axon plexus forming cell dense axon plexus forming neuron BNST superficial spiny neuron BAMSC990 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus June 1, 2010 superficial spiny cell BNSTdense axon plexus-forming neuron Among the short to axon neurons, the neurogliaform (NG) and spinous neurogliaform (SNG) types have an extremely dense plexus, and both fall into the DAPF category (Jones, 1984). Both cell types are found in the upper half of the core of the Ov. BAMSC993 June 1, 2010 beaded cell Cerebellum candelabrum cell 130006 BAMSC981 June 1, 2010 Laine and Axelrad Neuron with perikaryon located inside the Purkinje cell layer. It is squeezed, either between the bulging parts of the PC somata or in the space left free between their upper poles, just at the level of the lower border of the molecular layer. candelabrum cell candelabrum neuron Colliculus Inferior GABAergic Principal Cell June 3, 2010 Winer et al, 1996 Hippocampus CA1 ivy neuron CA1 ivy cell Fuentealba P et al., 2008 Ivy cells are highly abundant GABAergic interneurons when compared to basket, bistratified, or axo-axonic cells. "Ivy" cells are named after their dense and fine axons innervating mostly basal and oblique pyramidal cell dendrites. They express nitric oxide synthase, neuropeptide Y, and high levels of GABAa receptor aplha1 subunit and they are also identified as slow-spiking interneurons that regulate the excitability of pyramidal cell dendrites through slowly rising and decaying GABAergic inputs. June 1, 2010 ivy cell Hypoglossal nucleus GABA neuron June 1, 2010 Neuron in hypoglossal nucleus characterized by a small spindle shaped or fusiform soma Takasu et al. J Comp Neurol. 1987 Sep 1;263(1):42-53. hypoglossal GABA neuron Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja granule neuron Island of Calleja granule cell Island of Calleja granule neuron Neuron located in the granule cell clusters in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a small soma with one to two small sparsely spiny varicose dendrites. The axon has not been observed to exit the clusters in Golgi preparations. Ultrastructurally, it is characterized by scant cytoplasm and a round nucleus (Meyer et al., 1989) Retina rod bipolar cell BAMSC1014 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Retina bipolar cell characterized by dendritic trees that are more bushy with finer dendrites that penetrate further into the outer nuclear layer where they innervate rod spherules than cone bipolar cells. The somata of RBs are larger and are located in the outer half of the INL close to the OPL; their axons run through the OPL and end in large lobulated terminals at the border of the IPL and ganglion cell layer (Euler and Wassle, 1995). rod bipolar cell Retina type 1 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1015 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 1 CB (n = 6, Fig. 1B) is an outer cone bipolar cell with a flat stratification in stratum 1 of the IPL and only one ascending primary dendrite that ramifies sparsely. type 1 cone bipolar cell Retina type 2 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1016 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB) dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ... the axon terminal system of type 2 looks a bit disordered. type 2 cone bipolar cell Retina type 3 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1017 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB) dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ...the axon terminal of type 3 shows a and quot;well to arranged and quot; treelike branching pattern. type 3 cone bipolar cell Retina type 4 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1018 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 4 (n = 4, Fig. 1E) is a diffuse CB stratifying in both strata 1 and 2. type 4 cone bipolar cell Retina type 5 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1019 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band. type 5 cone bipolar cell Retina type 6 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1020 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band. type 6 cone bipolar cell Retina type 7 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1021 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types (type 7 and type 8) have slender cell bodies. type 7 cone bipolar cell Retina type 8 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1022 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 [[Definition::Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types [type 7 and type 8] have slender cell bodies]] type 8 cone bipolar cell Retina type 9 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1023 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 9 CB has a very sparse but large axonal terminal system in the inner IPL (mainly stratum 5), with occasional processes penetrating into the GCL. The dendritic tree is also sparsely branched but covers a wide range of the OPL. type 9 cone bipolar cell Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0C June 1, 2010 Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter V0c interneuron Zagaraiou et al., Neuron 64: 645, 2009 spinal cord V0c interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2b June 3, 2010 Type of V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron chacterized by GATA2/3 Superior colliculus piriform cell BAMSC1117 June 3, 2010 Langer and Lund 1974 The piriform cells have ovoid or cup shaped cell bodies, 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, located within a narrow lamina along the deep margin of the zone of horizontal cells. The restriction of the piriform cell somata to the boundary between the zone of horizontal cells and the zone of vertical cells is remarkably accurate and consistent. The piriform cells give rise to 2 to 5 dendrites from the superficial surface, which course through the zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the surface. As the ascending dendrites approach the surface they branch more frequently, almost always by equipartition, to form a complicated intermingling bouquet of slowly tapering dendrites, 150 to 350 micrometers in width and slightly less than 200 micrometers in depth. The axon most frequently takes its origin from the base of the soma, but sometimes it arises from one of the low order dendrites. From its origin the axon runs immediately down through the zone of vertical cells, occasionally with collaterals which may arborize within the superficial laminae. The axon is thin and smooth, occasionally with en passant varicosities. piriform cell piriform neuron Retina ganglion cell A BAMSC1009 Huxlin and Goodchild June 3, 2010 Large to bodied/large to field RGCs in the rat...Group RGA cells...have large somata (15 to 39 micrometers in diameter) and large, radially branching dendritic fields (235 to 748 micrometers in diameter), and many exhibit tracer coupling Retinal ganglion cell C2 BAMSC1073 Huxlin and Goodchild 1997 RGC2 gave a morphology similar to the delta ganglion cells of Peichl (1989). They have a small to medium to sized somata from which fine axons emerge. Two to four primary dendrites branch close to the soma. These and subsequent branches twist and turn, unlike the radiating dendrites of the Group RGA neurons. The soma is usually central to the dendritic field. The dendritic fileds are smalled than those Group RGA cells at the same eccentricities, and they show little variation in size as a function of eccentricity (Fig. 12). RGC2 neurons did not exhibit tracer coupling, but many have numerous and prominent dendritic spines. The RGC2 cells had a similar morphology to RGC1 cells but with curvier dendrites and a denser dendritic field (Fig. 6B). retinal ganglion cell C2 Solitary tract nucleus HSD2 neuron A subgroup of neurons in NTS that express glucocorticoid to inactivating enzyme 11 to beta to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2), a signature of aldosterone to sensitive tissues. Similar neurons are found in other brain regions. The NTS population may represent a unique phenotype. BAMSC1112 Geerling et a 2006 HSD2 cell HSD2 neuron June 3, 2010 Superior colliculus stellate neuron BAMSC1129 June 3, 2010 Langer and Lund 1974 The third major category of cells in the superior colliculus is the stellate cell. The cells are defined by the lack of overall orientation to the dendritic fields which extend symmetrically from the cell body. Stellate cells are multipolar with dendrites arising from any portion of the cell body. The dendrites may range anywhere from gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most frequent in the zone of horizontal cells and the smooth radiate cells increasingly more frequent in the deeper zones until they are almost the only cell type in the zones below the stratum opticum. The dimensions of the cell bodies and dendritic fields are comparable to those of other cells in the same zone and the dendritic field is generally contained within the same zone as the cell body. The axons of stellate cells have both local and/or distant distributions and a morphology characteristic of intrinsic axons. As with all the other cell types, the axon may take its origin from the cell body or a low order dendrite. stellate neuron Superior colliculus wide field vertical cell BAMSC1125 Langer and Lund 1974 There are two similar populations in the group of wide field vertical cells. The first lies in the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells where it looks very similar to the piriform cells relative to the zone of horizontal cells. Cajal called these the ovoid or triangular cells. The second population has its cell bodies distributed primarily to the upper portion of the zone of optic fibers. Cajal called these triangular or stellate cells. Cajal's nomenclature is rather bulky and, though descriptive, somewhat confusing because stellate cells are a distinct cell type in the nomenclature of this paper and triangular occurs in both names. For reasons developed below, the ovoid or triangular cells or wide field cells of the zone of vertical cells will be called Type II ganglion cells and the triangular or stellate cells or wide field cells of the zone of optic fibers will be called Type III ganglion cells. Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells. Collator note: we assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons, because at least several subpopulations project to visually related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos, 1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo, 1987). wide field vertical cell Hippocampus CA1 IS-II neuron CA1 IS-II cell June 8, 2010 Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II cell is VIP+. The soma was reported mainly in stratum radiatum and the border with lacunosum-moleculare, and the dendrites are mostly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The axon innervates mainly CCK/VIP positive basket cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of calretinin by these cells is not known. Hippocampus CA1 IS-III neuron CA1 IS-III cell CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type III cells are VIP+, calretinin+ and terminals mGluR7a+. The soma is located mainly in stratum pyramidale and radiatum with radial dendrites crossing most layers (Acsady et al. 1996a,b). The axon innervates mainly O-LM cells (Acsady et al. 1996a; Ferraguti et al. 2004) and terminals express high level of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zone (Somogyi et al. 2003). June 8, 2010 Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform neuron CA1 NG cells CA1 neurogliaform neuron is a GABAergic interneuron, these cells are positive for NPY and co-express the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin-2. They are not positive for PV and VIP. Characteristically these neurons has a round cell body and short, non-spiny dendrites that were arranged in a stellate patterns around the cell body, spatially localized to the SLM, and often enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The axons are branched profusely close to soma occupying greater area than dendrites, like dendrites axons also tend to occupy mainly the SLM, often traveling fairly long distances along the SLM axis and mostly even entering the neighboring molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. June 8, 2010 NG NG cells Price CJ et al., 2005 Hippocampus CA1 trilaminar neuron CA1 trilaminar cell June 8, 2010 Somogyi & Klausberger, 2005 (15539390); Klausberger T & Somogyi P, 2008 (18599766);Spruston, 2008 (18270515) The CA1 trilaminar neuron is a neuron that is characterized by its axon densely innervating three layers stratum oriens, pyramidale and radiatum (Sik et al. 1995) projecting to subiculum and possibly to other regions, while the soma and long horizontal dendrites are in stratum oriens with strong immunoreactivity for the m2 receptor in the somato-dendritic domain and intense presynaptic mGluR8a decoration. It must also be noted that the same name has been used for various other cells with axon in at least three laminae (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Pawelzik et al. 2002). However, for this particular cell class the axons project to subiculum and possibly to other brain areas as well. Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0G June 9, 2010 Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and vGlut2 V0G interneuron Zagaraiou et al., Neuron 64: 645, 2009 spinal cord V0G interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2a Trochlear nucleus motor neuron 4th nerve motor neuron August 26, 2010 IVth nerve motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the trochlear nucleus. trochlear nucleus motor cell Trigeminal nucleus motor neuron 5th nerve motor neuron August 26, 2010 Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the trigeminal nucleus. Vth nerve motor neuron trigeminal nucleus motor cell Abducens nucleus motor neuron 129903 6th nerve motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the abducens nucleus. VIth nerve motor neuron abducens nucleus motor cell Facial nucleus motor neuron 129909 7th nerve motor neuron August 26, 2010 Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the facial nucleus. VIIth nerve motor neuron facial nucleus motor cell Vestibulocochlear nucleus motor neuron 7th nerve motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Vestibulocochlear nucleus. VIIth nerve motor neuron Vestibulocochlear nucleus motor cell Glossopharyngeal nucleus motor neuron 9th nerve motor neuron August 26, 2010 Glossopharyngeal nucleus motor cell IXth nerve motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Glossopharyngea nucleus. Vagus nucleus motor neuron 19th nerve motor neuron August 26, 2010 Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Vagus nucleus. Xth nerve motor neuron pneumogastric nerve vagus nucleus motor cell Acessory nucleus motor neuron 11th nerve motor neuron August 26, 2010 Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Acessory nucleus. XIth nerve motor neuron acessory nucleus motor cell spinal accessory nerve Neostriatum substance P medium spiny neuron 105975 August 23, 2010 Maryann Martone Neostriatum medium spiny neuron that contains substance P and projects to the globus pallidus internal segment and the substantia nigra pars reticulata Neostriatum enkephalin medium spiny neuron 105966 August 23, 2010 Maryann Martone Neostriatum medium spiny neuron that contains enkephalin and projects to the external segment of the globus pallidus Oculomotor nucleus nerve cell Spinal cord motor neuron parasympathetic December 12, 2010 Brainstem motor neuron December 12, 2010 Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus motor neuron December 12, 2010 BNST triangular neuron 146510 BAMSC989 May 12, 2011 triangular cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell April 15, 2009 Bushy cell Bushy neuron Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell Cochlear nucleus ventral bushy cell December 10, 2008 Smith, P. H. and Rhode, W. S. (1987) Characterization of HRP-labeled globular bushy cells in the cat anteroventral cochlear nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol., 266: 360-375 and Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. Type of neuron in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus characterized by two to four primary dendrites which branch profusely, giving the cell a "bushy" appearance. The cell somas of these neurons have been described as "spherical" in the anterior division of the AVDC and "globular" in the posterior division of the AVDC. The principle inputs are from the auditory ganglio cells via the end bulbs of Held. Ventral cochlear nucleus bushy cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar cell December 10, 2008 Multipolar cell of VCN Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma. Two subclasses are recognzed based on their alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma. October 6, 2009 Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar cell Thalamus relay cell December 11, 2008 It looks like there are multiple ways to classify thalamic relay cells: morphology, projections and physiology. Needs careful review by experts. I favor morphology. (M. Martone, October 25, 2008) Relay cell Thalamic relay cell Thalamic relay neuron Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 December 11, 2008 Hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in hippocampal cytoarchitectural field CA2. Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal neuron CA2 pyramidal neuron CA2 pyramidal neuron December 11, 2008 Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell April 15, 2009 Cajal-Retzius Cell December 11, 2008 Meyer, G. et al. (1999) What is a Cajal-Retzius cell? A reassessment of a classical cell type based on recent observations in the developing neocortex. Cerebral Cortex 9 (8), pp 765-775. Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell Neocortex Cajal-Retzius neuron Neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. These cells were first described by Retzius (Retzius, 1893Go, 1894Go) (see the cell labelled ‘Retzius, 1893' in Fig. 1Go). There is consensus that homologous elements are present in the non-primate neocortex, where their morphology is much simpler, as initially described in 1891 by Cajal (Fig. 2Go) (Cajal, 1891Go). The definition of these cells has remained somewhat confusing, in part because Cajal and Retzius studied different species and different developmental stages, and also because their original publications have not been generally available. Meyer et al (1999)prefer to define ‘Cajal–Retzius cells' loosely, as the family of Reln-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the marginal zone, and reserve the term of pioneer neurons for the early, Reln-negative preplate derivatives that settle in the MZ and project to sub-cortical levels. Adapted from Meyer et al. (1999) http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/Backend/BIRNLex_annotation_properties.owl#Maryann_Martone Olfactory ensheathing cell December 12, 2008 Definition needs work. OEC Olfactory ensheathing cell Type of glial cell found in the peripheral olfactory nerve with properties of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. Fibroblast A large, flat, oval cell found in connective tissue and responsible for the formation of fibers. February 12, 2009 Fibroblast Locus coeruleus NA neuron April 15, 2009 February 12, 2009 Locus coeruleus NA neuron Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron April 15, 2009 Baloyannis, S. J., Costa, V., Psaroulis, V., Arzoglou, L. Papsotiriou (1994) The nucleus basalis of Meynert of the human brain: a Golgi and electron microscope study, Int J Neurosci., 78: 33-41 Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron Cholinergic nucleus basalis cell Cholinergic nucleus basalis neuron February 12, 2009 Large multipolar neuron (also described as polyhedral) found in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal forebrain that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Most of the dendrites are very long giving a thick network of secondary and tertiary dendritic branches in a radial three dimensional arrangement in the neuropil space. The secondary and tertiary dendritic branches are studded with long fusiform or triangular spines. Nucleus basalis polyhedral neuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell August 11, 2009 March 31, 2009 Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron This class has been retired http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_148 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 true Neurocortex chestnut cell April 12, 2010 Chestnut cell Chestnut neuron March 15, 2009 Neurocortex chestnut cell PMID: 8743417 Type of intrinsic neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cochlear nucleus, characterized by a small (~10 um) cell body and 1-2 stubby dendrites emerging from one side of the soma, ending in a terminal tuft. Finger-like projections emerge from both the dendritic tuft and the soma. The cell gets its name from the irregular surface of the cell soma, characterized by numerous scallops, blebs and other protrusions, giving it the appearance of a chestnut. At the ultrastructural level, the cell body and proximal dendrites are rich in Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes with a large, centrally located pale nucleus with a smooth nuclear membrane. Although it resembles the unipolar brush cell in some respects, it is differentiated by the gradual tapering of the primary dendrites in the transition from the cell soma and the fact that every protuberance of the dendrite is "prominantly synaptic" according to Weedman et al. (1996). It is a target of mossy fiber synapses. Weedman, D. L., Pongstapron, T., Ryugo, D. K. (1996) Ultrastructural study of the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus in rats: mossy fiber endings and their targets. J. Comp. Neurol., 369: 345-60 Substantia nigra pars reticulata interneuron March 31, 2009 SNpr interneuron Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell Accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell April 12, 2010 August 11, 2009 MC (AOB) Mitral cell of the accessory olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb accessory mitral cell Output neuron of the accessory olfactory bulb. (GMS 8-10-9) Principal neuron of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Resembles the mitral cell of the main olfactory bulb, though somewhat smaller and less clearly differentiated. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is characterized by one (or several) primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches where it receives input from the axons of sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ. The axon projects mainly to the cortical-medial nuclei of the amygdala. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell Ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron April 2, 2009 Ventral tegmental area DA cell Striatum matrix medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Striatal matrix medium spiny neuron Striatal medium spiny cell that is located in the striatal matrix compartment. Caudate nucleus matrix medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Striatal matrix spiny neuron that is located in the matrix compartment of the caudate nucleus. Putamen matrix medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Striatum matrix medium spiny cell located in the matrix compartment of the putamen. Striatum patch medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Entorhinal cortex pyramidal cell March 31, 2009 May 6, 2010 provides the major input into the dentate gyrus in a unidirectional perforant path CA2 pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 CA2 pyramidal neuron March 15, 2009 This class has been retired http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nlx_cell_20081204 true Leech swim (dorsal) interneuron April 15, 2009 Cerebral Serotonergic Poster Neuron DSI Dorsal leech swim interneuron Dorsal swim interneuron Getting 1977 Leech swim (dorsal) interneuron March 15, 2009 One of three serotonergic neurons on the dorsal surface of the Tritonia cerebral ganglion. Projects an axon contralaterally to the pedal ganglion. Fire stereotypical bursts of action potentials during a swim motor pattern. Tri0001043 Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell April 15, 2009 Giant Serotonergic Neuron Largest Serotonergic Neuron in the anterior portion of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. This neuron has axons that project to the buccal ganglion. MCC March 25, 2009 Metacerebral cell Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule neuron April 3, 2009 Functinonally, known to have the role of self and lateral inhibition of mitral/tufted cells. (Gordon M Sephard, 8-10-09) GC (AOB) Maryann Martone Olfactory bulb accessory granule cell Olfactory bulb accessory granule neuron Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. The main intrinsic neuron in the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It resembles the granule cell in the main olfactory bulb, including the lack of an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and have synaptic outputs to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Dorsal tegmental nucleus small cell April 2, 2009 Dorsal tegmental nucleus small neuron Hayakawa, T and Zyo, K. Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and axosomatic synapses. Anatomy and Embryology 177: 485-493, 1988. Maryann Martone Small neuron located in the pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by a spindle or oval shaped neuronal somata, an irregularly-shaped deeply indented nucleus with a prominent nucleolus surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm containing mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus (not well developed) and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These cells stain lightly in Nissl preparations. No somatic spines are observed on the cell soma. Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium cell April 2, 2009 Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium neuron Hayakawa, T and Zyo, K. Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and axosomatic synapses. Anatomy and Embryology 177: 485-493, 1988. Maryann Martone Medium sized neuron located in the dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis characterized by an oval, oblong or round shaped cell soma, an irregularly shaped oblong nucleus with one or rarely two nucleoli and an indented nuclear envelope. The somatic surface is smooth with no smatic spines. any organelles are present in the cytoplasm, including well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum forming Nissl bodies. Magnocellular neurosecretory cell April 9, 2010 Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cell Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neuron Magnocellular secretory neuron Maryann Martone May 19, 2009 motor neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron Oxytocin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell Maryann Martone May 19, 2009 Vasopressin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell Maryann Martone May 19, 2009 Dentate gyrus hilar cell February 12, 2009 Hilar cell July 14, 2009 W. Muller and U. Misgeld, Inhibitory Role of Dentate Hilus Neurons in Guinea Pig Hippocampal Slice, JOURNALOF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 64, July 1990 http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/64/1/46.pdf Interlaminar Astrocyte Eric Bushong Glial cell type unique to primates which extend long processes throughout cortical lamina forming pallisades. Interlaminar Astrocyte We need to create an object property that allows us to assign taxonomy information to classes that are only seen in certain taxa sao-1220620412 Marginal Astrocyte Astrocytes lying close to the pia mater that may form several layers of endfeet. They also extend several smooth long processes into the neuropil. They are located on the borders between neuronal and non-neuronal tissue Marginal Astrocyte There is some discussion about whether all marginal glia are astrocytes. graph position temporary sao-1865064409 Pectin Glial Cell A specialized glial cell in the pectin oculi of avians, located at the interface between the optic nerve head and the vitreous body. These cells produce pectin. Need to associate this with avians Pecten_Glial_Cell Pectin Glial Cell sao-243744138 Type I II Oligodendrocyte Type I/II Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 500 cubic microns and is associated with small diameter axons Type I II Oligodendrocyte core:definition incomplete sao-32901633 Synantocyte 2007-01-13 According to some, synantocytes are equivalent to NG2 cells. According to others, they are the predominant NG2 cell found in the post-natal animal, but are distinct from bipolar progenitory cells. NG2 cell characterized by a differentiated, stellate appearance that lack expression of most differentiated glial cell-type specific markers. NG2 positive glial cell characterized by a stellate appearance and a large process arborization. They have a centrally placed cell body from which extend numerous primary processes that pass radially and bifurcate three or more times to form a process field of approximately 100 nanometers in diameter ((Butt et al., 2004; PMID: 16367797). Synantocyte graph position temporary sao-408886955 Pigment Epithelial Cell Located in the sub-retinal space, these cells form the sub-retinal blood-brain barrier and contain light-absorbing melanin pigment granules Pigment Epithelial Cell There is a visual pigment cell in the cell type ontology but we are not sure if this is the same cell sao-423426544 Pituicyte C0229545 CL:0000645 Pituicyte sao1004082033 uncurated Ventricular Cardiac Muscle Cell Cardiac muscle cell comprising the ventricles Ventricular Cardiac Muscle Cell sao1011026882 uncurated ventricular myocyte Retinal Cone Cell 129787 C0206428 CL:0000573 Cone cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. (MSH) Retinal Cone Cell UMLS cone retinal core sao1103104164 uncurated Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 3 April 15, 2009 Layer 3 Pyramidal Neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 3 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 3 Pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in layer 3 of neocortex. sao1123695773 uncurated Tanycyte C0926518 CL:0000643 Specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS. Resemble spongioblasts seen in developing brain. Found in the adult brain in the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, spinal canal and floor of the fourth ventricle. Stretch cells Tanycyte sao1149261773 uncurated Alpha Motor Neuron Alpha Motor Neuron This class has been retired. Wikipedia http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_105 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1460710779 large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. lower motor neuron sao1154704263 true uncurated Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell OPC Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell sao1213292244 uncurated Nervous System Cell CL:0000710 December 4, 2008 Nervous System Cell Neuroepithelial cell Oligodendrocyte Previous name of this category was "nerve cell". Needed to change the name of this category to "nervous system cell" rather than "nerve cell" as many use the latter term synonymously with "neuron". - Memartone Pyramidal cell Sensory neuron sao1224657022 uncurated Retina photoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect and transduce light (MESH). April 15, 2009 CL:0000210 Photoreceptor Cell Retina photoreceptor cell sao1233810115 uncurated Neocortex stellate spiny cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (While and Rock, 1980). April 15, 2009 BF_T0000036 Cortical Spiny Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate spiny cell sao1236796660 uncurated Perivascular Astrocyte Astrocytes that are virtually devoid of neuron contacting processes that form extensive endfoot contacts to blood vessels. They have been found in rabbit and human retina but also occur elsewhere in the brain. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Perivascular Astrocyte graph position temporary http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/perivasc_astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg sao1239389 Perivascular Macrophage Perivascular Macrophage sao1245187339 uncurated Bergmann Glial Cell Bergmann Glial Cell Bergmann astrocyte Bergmann glia C0228088 CL:0000644 Core:Definition modified from Wikipedia by MM. According to Reichenbach and Wolberg the Bergmann glia should be considered a type of radial astrocyte but some do not consider this a type of astrocyte March 31, 2009 Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses. Wikipedia graph position temporary http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/berg_glia_sw_512x512.jpg radial epithelial cell sao1299495391 Velate Astrocyte A protoplasmic astrocyte with extremely thin veil-like (vellous) processes. C0926509 Velate Astrocyte sao1309473597 uncurated Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal neuron sao131261273 uncurated Perineuronal Oligodendrocyte C0949376 It is unclear to us whether perineuronal oligodendrocytes should be considered a separate class. Oligodendrocyte found in gray matter in close association with neurons (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Perineuronal Oligodendrocyte graph position temporary sao1353298471 Pericyte A flattened, or elongated, stellate-shaped solitary cell with multiple cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillary endothelium and contacting a large abluminal vessel area. It may be equivalent to the vascular smooth muscle cell, although this identify has not been conclusively determined yet (Armulik et al., Circ Res 97: 512, 2005). C0598800 CL:0000184 Mural Cell Pericyte Rouget Cell This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_171 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1813327414 sao1355908696 true uncurated Ciliary ganglion cell April 15, 2009 C0229060 Ciliary ganglion cell Ciliary ganglion neuron sao1366775348 uncurated Astrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury (MSH). Astrocyte C0004112 CL:0000127 http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg sao1394521419 uncurated Cerebellum Golgi Cell 130046 April 15, 2009 Cerebellar Golgi Cell Cerebellum Golgi Cell Large neuron found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell enters into a complex arrangement witht he mossy fiber terminal-granule cell dendrite in the cerebellar glomerulus. sao1415726815 uncurated Neuron April 7, 2010 C0027882 CL:0000540 December 4, 2008 Neuron nerve cell neuron neuron cell sao1417703748 uncurated Gamma Motor Neuron C0026610 CL:0000717 Gamma Motor Neuron Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). This class has been retired. fusimotor neuron http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_107 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1460710779 sao1438006234 true uncurated Retina rod April 15, 2009 C0206427 CL:0000604 One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. Retina rod Retinal Rod Cell rod cell sao1458938856 uncurated Motor Neuron C0026609 CL:0000100 Motor Neuron Neurons which activate muscle cells (MSH). This class has been retired. UMLS http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao1460710779 true uncurated Spherical Bushy Cell March 19, 2009 Spherical Bushy Cell This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_71 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao1482618768 true uncurated Bipolar Progenitor Cell A type of NG2 positive cell that resemble oligodendrocyte precursors Bipolar Progenitor Cell Ligon et al PNAS 2006, PMID: 16682644 sao1492258085 Capillary Endothelial Cell Capillary Endothelial Cell sao1540081501 uncurated Choroid Epithelial Cell Choroid Epithelial Cell Cuboidal shaped epithelial cell forming one of the components of the choroid plexus (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). sao1541570510 uncurated Vascular Endothelial Cell This cell class is not contained in the Cell Type Ontology Vascular Endothelial Cell sao1543450574 uncurated Cochlea hair cell outer April 15, 2009 C0206513 CL:0000601 Cochlea hair cell outer Cochlear Outer Hair Cell Mechanoreceptor cells in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. (MSH) sao1582628662 uncurated Muller Cell CL:0000636 Min-Lin Chang, Ching-Hsiang Wu, Ya-Fen Jiang-Shieh, Jeng-Yung Shieh, Chen-Yuan Wen (2007) Reactive changes of retinal astrocytes and Muller glial cells in kainate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity Journal of Anatomy 210 (1), 54.65. doi:10.1111/protege469-7580.2006.00671.x Muller Cell Specialized glial cell of the retina that extends from the inner limiting membrane to the outer limiting membrane We classify this differently from the cell type ontology, as a type of radial glia rather than as a type of astrocyte. We need to look at this again. graph position temporary sao1615912903 Neocortex stellate cell April 15, 2009 CL:0000122 Cortical Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate cell Neocortex stellate neuron sao164665273 uncurated Ependymal Cell A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen (Cell Ontology). An epithelial cell lining the walls of the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord that secret cerebral spinal fluid. (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). C0228092 CL:0000065 Ependymal Cell We are not sure whether ependymal cells should be considered a type of ependymoglial cell graph position temporary http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/ependymal_cell_sw_512x512.jpg sao1714094301 Cerebellar Granule Cell BF_C000108 Cerebellar Granule Cell Small excitatory neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. The axon of the granule cell ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates and runs parallel to the long axis of the folium, contacting Purkinje cell dendrites. This portion of the granule cell axon is known as a parallel fiber. This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_128 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao1736323572 true uncurated Skeletal Muscle Cell CL:0000188 Skeletal Muscle Cell sao1741889714 uncurated Cell 0005623 CL:0000000 Cell December 5, 2008 Hepatocyte Mauthner cell Neuroblast Neuron Oocyte Stomatal guard cell The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope (Gene Ontology). We are restricting ourselves to cells that are in the nervous system or closely associated with nervous system cells, e.g., muscle cells. A more complete ontology of Cell Types is available through OBO. Eventually, we hope to provide our contents to OBO Cell Type. cell sao1813327414 uncurated Meninges Cell Cell that comprises the meninges Meninges Cell This needs to be extensively investigated sao1847837612 uncurated Macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte which differentiates from monocytes, is typically resident in a particular tissue, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells (Cell Ontology). CL:0000235 Macrophage sao185843373 uncurated Neostriatum cholinergic cell April 15, 2009 Cholinergic Striatal Neuron Large cholinergic interneuron in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens. Neostriatum cholinergic cell Neostriatum cholinergic interneuron Neostriatum giant cell of Kolliker sao1866881837 uncurated Macroglial Cell C0228087 CL:0000126 Macroglial Cell SAO classifies Schwann cells as a type of macroglia; Cell Type Ontology includes only astrocytes and oligodendroglia macroglial cell sao1895605722 uncurated Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. March 19, 2009 This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_84 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao1919499702 true uncurated Interfascicular Oligodendrocyte C0205867 Interfascicular Oligodendrocyte White matter oligodendrocytes that may be aligned in rows (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). sao1952867392 uncurated Vascular Cell C0225336 Vascular Cell sao197110912 uncurated Hair Cell C0018496 CL:0000202 Hair Cell Mechanoreceptors located in the organ of Corti that are sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that are sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system (MSH). sao2046464388 uncurated Cerebellar Stellate Cell Cerebellar Stellate Cell Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_130 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao2046525601 true uncurated Fibrous Astrocyte Astrocytes characterized by high content of intermediate filaments and few vellous processes; often found in white matter. C0228090 Fibrous Astrocyte sao2078084673 uncurated Neocortex pyramidal cell 129938 April 12, 2010 Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Cortical pyramidal neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron Neocortical pyramidal cell Neocortical pyramidal neuron Pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex (not including hippocampus or olfactory cortex). The pyramidal cell of the neocortex is located in layers 2-3 and 5-6, has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. Synonyms added and the label has been changed. sao2128417084 uncurated Eye Photoreceptor Cell April 14, 2010 CL:0000287 Eye Photoreceptor Cell Retinal photoreceptor sao226523927 uncurated NG2 Cell NG2 Cell NG2 cells are central nervous system (CNS) glial cells defined by their expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, NG2, which is also known as Cspg4 or AN2 sao265591209 uncurated Glial Cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. (Reichenbach and Wolburg) C0027836 CL:0000125 Cell Type Ontology Glial Cell June 22, 2009 The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear. astrocytes glia microglia neuroglial cell sao313023570 schwann cells uncurated Ependymoglial Cell A type of nerve cell characterized by bipolar shape and endfeet that contact a basal lamina around blood vessels, and/or the pia mater or vitreous body of the eye and additionally contact the ventricular surface or sub-retinal space. (Reichenbach and Wolburg, 2nd edition, 2005) Ependymoglial Cell sao3593465546 Protoplasmic Astrocyte Astrocyte characterized by spongy appearance and many vellous processes; often found in gray matter. C0228089 GluT Astrocyte Passive Astrocyte Protoplasmic Astrocyte http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/protoplas_astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/protoplasmic_astrocyte_ccdb_512x512.jpg sao374942934 uncurated Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell April 12, 2010 CA3 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal neuron sao383526650 uncurated Sub-ependymal Astrocyte Large astrocyte that forms a layer that lies beneath the ependymal layer. Sub-ependymal Astrocyte sao399295448 uncurated Schwann Cell C0036387 CL:0000218 Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons (MSH). Note that the cell type ontology does not consider Schwann Cells to be macroglia Schwann Cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/schwann_cell_sw_512x512.jpg sao408819766 uncurated Cochlea hair cell inner A bulbous cell that is medially placed in one row in the organ of Corti. In contrast to the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer sensory hairs, and are less differentiated.(MSH) April 15, 2009 C0018497 CL:0000589 Cochlea hair cell inner Cochlear Inner Hair Cell UMLS sao429277527 uncurated Neocortex bipolar neuron April 15, 2009 Cortical Bipolar Cell Neocortex bipolar neuron Type of VIP containing neuron found in the visiual cortex. sao436474611 uncurated Epithelial Cell C0014597 CL:0000066 Cell that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (epithelium) or masses (MSH). Epithelial Cell sao441624014 uncurated Precursor Cell Precursor Cell progenitor cell sao467424240 uncurated Cerebellum Purkinje cell April 15, 2009 C0034143 CL:0000121 Cerebellar Purkinje neuron Cerebellum Purkinje cell December 4, 2008 Large branching neurons of the middle layer of cerebellar cortex, characterized by vast arrays of dendrites; involved in controlling complex movements (CSP). Principal neuron (projection neuron) of the cerebellar cortex; cell bodies arranged in a single layer; characterized by a pear-shaped cell body, 1 (rarely 2) primary dendrites and an elaborate dendritic tree heavily invested with dendritic spines. Purkinje Cell Purkinje neuron Purkinje's corpuscles http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/purkinje_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg sao471801888 uncurated Type III IV Oligodendrocyte Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 30,000 cubic microns (up to 150,000 cubic microns) and is associated with large diameter axons. Type III IV Oligodendrocyte core:definition incomplete sao515196263 Muscle Cell C0596981 CL:0000187 Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (muscle fibers), cardiac (myocytes, cardiac), and smooth (myocytes, smooth muscle). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called myoblasts (MSH). Muscle Cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/muscle_cell_sw_512x512.jpg myocyte sao519252327 uncurated Globular Bushy Cell Globular Bushy Cell March 19, 2009 This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_70 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao538050329 true uncurated Radial Glial Cell 139568 A transient cell present only in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration (Cell Ontology). C0815005 CL:0000681 March 3, 2011 Radial Glial Cell radial glia radial glial cell sao621772985 uncurated Radial Astrocyte A type of astrocyte with a radial orientation commonly found in spinal cord and brain of lower vertebrates and sometimes in the optic nerve of mammals. One process abuts the pial surface and the other extends through significant thicknesses of neural tissue. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Radial Astrocyte graph position temporary sao6261208102 sao630986029 uncurated Beta Tanycyte Beta Tanycyte sao647178911 uncurated Cardiac Muscle Cell C0225828 CL:0000746 Cardiac Muscle Cell Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (myoblasts, cardiac (MSH). cardiac myocyte sao658938043 uncurated Cerebellum basket cell 146517 Cerebellar basket cell Cerebellum basket cell Intrinsic cell residing in the inner third of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Axons extend laterally, transverse to the folium, and densely innervate the somata of Purkinje neurons. Axon collaterals of the basket cell axon form the specialized terminal plexus, the "pinceau", around the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. May 12, 2011 NIF SenseLab http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/basket_cell_ccdb_512x512.jpg sao666951243 uncurated Smooth Muscle Cell C1135918 CL:0000192 Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (myoblasts, smooth muscle) (MSH). Smooth Muscle Cell UMLS http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/smooth_muscle_cell_sw_512x512.jpg non-striated muscle cell sao676858164 uncurated Medium Spiny Cell BF_C000100 Medium Spiny Cell Medium Spiny Neuron This class has been retired http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/med_spiny_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_141 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao68203136 true uncurated Vestibular hair cell A mechanoreceptor cell located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem. April 15, 2009 C0206511 CL:0000609 UMLS Vestibular hair cell sao709770772 uncurated Neocortex stellate smooth cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by relatively smooth dendrites (While and Rock, 1980). April 15, 2009 Cortical Smooth Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate smooth cell sao770302354 uncurated Pial Cell Pial Cell sao783352775 uncurated Betz Cell A type of pyramidal cell neuron, the soma of which is located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex. They are named after Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz, who described them in his work published in 1874.[1] These neurons are the largest in the central nervous system, sometimes reaching 100 μm in diameter.[2][3] Betz cells send their axons down to the spinal cord where in humans they synapse directly with anterior horn cells, which in turn synapse directly with their target muscles. While Betz cells have one apical dendrite typical to pyramidal neurons, they have more primary dendritic shafts, and these do not leave the soma only at basal angles but rather branch out from almost any point asymmetrically.[4] These perisomatic and basal dendrites project into all cortical layers, but most of their horizontal arbors populate layers V and VI, some reaching down into the white matter.[5] According to one study, Betz cells represent about 10% of the total pyramidal cell population in layer Vb of the human primary motor cortex. (Adapted from Wikipedia) Betz Cell C0228073 March 31, 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betz_cell sao786552500 uncurated Microglial Cell A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. C0206116 CL:0000129 Cell Ontology Microglial Cell This class has been deleted. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/microglia2_sw_512x512.jpg http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_170 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1813327414 microglia sao789292116 true uncurated Satellite Cell Satellite Cell Schwann cell that apposes or encapsulates neuronal perikarya (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/satellite_cell_sw_512x512.jpg sao792373294 uncurated Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2/3 April 15, 2009 Layer 2 3 Pyramidal Neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2/3 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2/3 sao816233655 uncurated Striated Muscle Cell CL:0000737 Striated Muscle Cell sao82362520 uncurated Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell August 20, 2009 CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal neuron Pyramidal neuron with a soma located in hippocampal area CA1. sao830368389 uncurated Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5 April 15, 2009 Layer 5 Pyramidal Neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5 Pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in layer 5 or whose connectivity patterns resemble layer 5 neurons. sao840814183 uncurated Oligodendrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as satellite cells, perineuronal of ganglia) according to their location. They form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system (MSH). C0028944 CL:0000128 Oligodendrocyte oligodendroglia sao844118448 uncurated Pyramidal cell C0206441 CL:0000598 December 9, 2008 Definition modified and a synonym added Projection neuron in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation and some other brain regions. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region (MSH). Pyramidal Cell Pyramidal neuron UMLS sao862606388 uncurated Double Bouquet Cell Double Bouquet Cell This class has been retired. Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_59 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao910084726 true uncurated Neural Stem Cell C1113654 Embryonic cell that develops into a neuron (CSP). Nerve stem cell Neural Stem Cell sao938060309 uncurated Alpha Tanycyte Alpha Tanycyte sao971374186 uncurated true Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja spiny granule neuron Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (Millhouse, 1987) Island of Calleja spiny granule neuron June 4, 2010 Millhouse J. Comp. Neurol 265:1-24, 1987 v.1.0 (January, 2009) - Updated with simplified import hierarchy of upper level ontologies as part of the transition from NIFSTD 0.5 to 1.0. nucleus of the stria terminalis