NIF-Cell: contains cell types from SAO-Cell and NIF-Cell 1.5 v.1.1 (February, 2009) - * Duplicate classes from SAO (sao_ and nifext_ prefixed IDs) has been eliminated as identified in the NeuroLex wiki. While retiring the duplicate classes, kept the ones with most detailed annotations or merged the annotation (synonyms, definitions etc) into the ones that had more/better information regardless of their IDs with sao or nifext prefixes. * Not all sao prefixed IDs are out of date or replaced by nifext. v.1.2 (April 5, 2009) - New classes have been added from NeuroLex wiki since the 1.0 release (Class ID: nlx_cell_20081201 to 20090403). v.1.3 (April 20, 2009) - The labels for the Neuron names were changed into standardized ones as proposed by Gordon Shephard as part of the cell working group * The classes are with modifiedDate: April 15, 2009 * Older labels were kept as one of the synonyms for those classes with the new labels. v.1.5 (June 10, 2010) - Added new classes from BAMS. Interfascicular Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular Oligodendrocyte White matter oligodendrocytes that may be aligned in rows (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). C0205867 uncurated sao1952867392 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5 sao840814183 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5 Pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in layer 5 or whose connectivity patterns resemble layer 5 neurons. Layer 5 Pyramidal Neuron uncurated April 15, 2009 SenseLab Mossy cell 2007-09-05 Mossy cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Neocortex stellate cell This class should be made obsolete cortical stellate cell Stellate cell cortical Neocortex stellate cell layer 4 stellate cell 2007-09-05 8th nerve ganglion cell Auditory ganglion cell 8th nerve ganglion neuron There is something wrong with this category; we are mixing up auditory and vestibular nerves. (Maryann Martone) 2007-09-05 Scarpa's ganglion cell (vestibular nerve) A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Auditory ganglion neuron December 5, 2008 8th nerve ganglion cell vestibular nerve ganglion cell 2007-09-05 Type I/II Oligodendrocyte Type I/II Oligodendrocyte 2007-09-05 SAO BAMSC1019 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band. type 5 cone bipolar cell Retina type 5 cone bipolar cell June 1, 2010 sao383526650 CA3 pyramidal neuron uncurated Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell April 12, 2010 uncurated A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (While and Rock, 1980). April 15, 2009 Cortical Spiny Stellate Cell BF_T0000036 Neocortex stellate spiny cell sao1236796660 Neocortex stellate spiny cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. 2007-09-05 L-cone cell 2007-09-05 L-cone cell NIF hypoglossal GABA neuron Neuron in hypoglossal nucleus characterized by a small spindle shaped or fusiform soma Takasu et al. J Comp Neurol. 1987 Sep 1;263(1):42-53. June 1, 2010 Hypoglossal nucleus GABA neuron Globus pallidus intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 Globus pallidus intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. Moved as a subclass of 'Neuron' instead of a subclass of 'Autonomic motor neuron'. 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 SenseLab IA interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA December 9, 2008 Interlaminar Astrocyte We need to create an object property that allows us to assign taxonomy information to classes that are only seen in certain taxa Glial cell type unique to primates which extend long processes throughout cortical lamina forming pallisades. Eric Bushong sao-1220620412 Interlaminar Astrocyte April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Temperature cell Temperature cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. SenseLab DRG temperature cell uncurated Perivascular Macrophage sao1245187339 Perivascular Macrophage CA2 pyramidal neuron CA2 pyramidal neuron December 11, 2008 Solitary tract nucleus principal cell April 15, 2009 Solitary tract nucleus principal neuron Nucleus of the Solitary Tract principle cell 2007-09-05 Solitary tract nucleus principal cell SenseLab Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p355, PMID 8915675 December 15, 2009 Hippocampus CA3 axo-axonic cell This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. CA3 Chandelier cells of the hippocampus are very similar to those in the dentate gyrus. The cell bodies are located within or immediately adjacent to the pyramidal cell layer and possess radially oriented dendrites spanning all layers. According to the distribution of the dendritic tree, chandelier cells are in a position to receive excitatory input from all major sources of afferents in both the CA1 and CA3 subfields. 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram CA3 chandelier cell uncurated Protoplasmic Astrocyte Astrocyte characterized by spongy appearance and many vellous processes; often found in gray matter. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/protoplas_astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg C0228089 Passive Astrocyte Protoplasmic Astrocyte GluT Astrocyte sao374942934 http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/protoplasmic_astrocyte_ccdb_512x512.jpg Schwann Cell uncurated Note that the cell type ontology does not consider Schwann Cells to be macroglia http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/schwann_cell_sw_512x512.jpg CL:0000218 Schwann Cell sao408819766 C0036387 Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons (MSH). 2007-09-05 SAO 2007-09-05 Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte April 2, 2009 Vestibular ganglion cell Vestibular ganglion cell 2007-09-05 Scarpa's ganglion cell Vestibular ganglioin neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. SAO Subependymal Astrocyte Subependymal Astrocyte 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Cortical stellate cell 2007-09-05 Spiny stellate neuron Spiny stellate cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. cortical spiny stellate cell February 12, 2009 cortical stellate neuron Neocortex layer 4 stellate cell Spiny stellate cell Retina type 6 cone bipolar cell type 6 cone bipolar cell Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band. June 1, 2010 BAMSC1020 Ventricular Cardiac Muscle Cell uncurated ventricular myocyte Cardiac muscle cell comprising the ventricles sao1011026882 Ventricular Cardiac Muscle Cell CA1 ivy cell ivy cell June 1, 2010 Hippocampus CA1 ivy neuron Ivy cells are highly abundant GABAergic interneurons when compared to basket, bistratified, or axo-axonic cells. "Ivy" cells are named after their dense and fine axons innervating mostly basal and oblique pyramidal cell dendrites. They express nitric oxide synthase, neuropeptide Y, and high levels of GABAa receptor aplha1 subunit and they are also identified as slow-spiking interneurons that regulate the excitability of pyramidal cell dendrites through slowly rising and decaying GABAergic inputs. Fuentealba P et al., 2008 Retina photoreceptor cone M M-cone cell 2007-09-05 February 12, 2010 Retina photoreceptor cone M Retina cone M NIF A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. M-cone neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Deep interneuron Neocortex interneuron deep April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Neocortex interneuron deep DRG IA cell 2007-09-05 IA ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. SenseLab 2007-09-05 DRG IA cell Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal cell Hippocampal pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in hippocampal cytoarchitectural field CA2. Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neuron December 11, 2008 April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. SenseLab IB interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell corticomedial amygdalar nucleus This class has been retired. Gamma Motor Neuron http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1460710779 C0026610 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_107 fusimotor neuron sao1438006234 uncurated Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). Gamma Motor Neuron CL:0000717 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p374, PMID 8915675 Hippocampus CA3 IS-II cell Sridevi Polavaram CA3 IS II The CA3 IS-II cell type is visualized by immunostaining for VIP. IS-II neurons are characterized in hippocampus alone, where their somata are found in stratum radiatum. The dendritic tree consists of a tuft of smooth or sparsely spiny dendrites restricted to stratum lacunosum-moleculare, where they profusely arborize. The axon descends toward stratum pyramidale, thus forming weeping willowlike arbor. CA3 interneuron-specific II cell December 15, 2009 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. 8915675 Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell SenseLab April 15, 2009 Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic neuron Nucleus of the Solitary Tract intrinsic cell 2007-09-05 Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell uncurated April 15, 2009 sao1458938856 Retina rod Retina rod CL:0000604 Retinal Rod Cell rod cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. C0206427 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar D cell D multipolar cell 2007-09-05 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Vascular Cell C0225336 uncurated Vascular Cell sao197110912 Jane Bugea August 31, 2009 Tufted Astrocyte SAO NIF 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Muller cell Muller cell wide field vertical cell There are two similar populations in the group of wide field vertical cells. The first lies in the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells where it looks very similar to the piriform cells relative to the zone of horizontal cells. Cajal called these the ovoid or triangular cells. The second population has its cell bodies distributed primarily to the upper portion of the zone of optic fibers. Cajal called these triangular or stellate cells. Cajal's nomenclature is rather bulky and, though descriptive, somewhat confusing because stellate cells are a distinct cell type in the nomenclature of this paper and triangular occurs in both names. For reasons developed below, the ovoid or triangular cells or wide field cells of the zone of vertical cells will be called Type II ganglion cells and the triangular or stellate cells or wide field cells of the zone of optic fibers will be called Type III ganglion cells. Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells. Collator note: we assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons, because at least several subpopulations project to visually related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos, 1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo, 1987). BAMSC1125 Superior colliculus wide field vertical cell Langer and Lund 1974 C0206116 microglia This class has been deleted. A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/microglia2_sw_512x512.jpg Microglial Cell uncurated Cell Ontology http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_170 CL:0000129 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1813327414 Microglial Cell sao789292116 Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types (type 7 and type 8) have slender cell bodies. Retina type 7 cone bipolar cell Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 BAMSC1021 type 7 cone bipolar cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Principal Cells Medial Nucleus Trapezoid Body Principal neuron of medial trapezoid body Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell sao1918137235 Properties derived from Gersdorff and Borst (2002). Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell SAO_ID added. April 15, 2009 December 11, 2008 Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 April 15, 2009 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5-6 2007-09-05 deep pyramidal cell Layer 5-6 pyramidal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell basolateral amygdalar nucleus Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 Horizontal cell (retina) Retina horizontal cell NIF retinal horizontal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Retina horizontal cell 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 December 11, 2008 Relay cell Thalamic relay neuron Thalamus relay cell It looks like there are multiple ways to classify thalamic relay cells: morphology, projections and physiology. Needs careful review by experts. I favor morphology. (M. Martone, October 25, 2008) Thalamic relay cell Hippocampus CA1 IS-I neuron CA1 IS-I cell Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 Sridevi Polavaram The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) Type I cells is one of the many IS cell types from the CA1 region. The soma is located in stratum radiatum and pyramidale with dendrites spanning most layers and the axon innervating mainly calbindin positive and other calretinin positive cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of VIP by these cells is not known. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. DRG IB cell DRG IB cell SenseLab 2007-09-05 IB ganglion cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell Olfactory cortex pyramidal neuron Small pyramidal neuron April 15, 2009 BAMS Neocortex pyramidal neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell December 4, 2008 Neuroepithelial cell Nervous System Cell sao1224657022 Sensory neuron Pyramidal cell CL:0000710 uncurated Previous name of this category was "nerve cell". Needed to change the name of this category to "nervous system cell" rather than "nerve cell" as many use the latter term synonymously with "neuron". - Memartone Oligodendrocyte Nervous System Cell Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II II interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. April 15, 2009 SenseLab sao-243744138 A specialized glial cell in the pectin oculi of avians, located at the interface between the optic nerve head and the vitreous body. These cells produce pectin. Need to associate this with avians Pectin Glial Cell Pecten_Glial_Cell Pectin Glial Cell 2007-09-05 NIF SenseLab SAO Golgi cell 2007-09-05 Golgi cell Neostriatum SOM cell SenseLab somatostatin containing cell SOM cell Neostriatum SOM interneuron Neostriatum SOM cell April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Dentate gyrus MOPP cell Sridevi Polavaram March 19, 2010 The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. 8589792 DG MOPP Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p373, PMID 8915675 Sridevi Polavaram December 15, 2009 CA3 Interneuron-specific I cell CA3 IS I This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. CA3 Interneuron Specific (IS) cells constitute IS-I, IS-II and IS-III based on their connectivity and neurochemical characteristics. IS-I neurons are visualized for CR and occur in all subfields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The CA3 IS-I cells has soma located in strata radiatum, oriens and pyramidale. The dendritic tree arborizes extensively in stratum radiatum but may also invade other layers. The characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. The main axons ramify in stratum radiatum, where they emit several collaterals that course in all directions. Hippocampus CA3 IS-I cell Olfactory cortex polymorphic neuronl February 12, 2009 Piriform (olfactory) cortex polymorphic cell Polymorphic cell 2007-09-05 Piriform (olfactory) cortex polymorphic cell Olfactory piriform cortex polymorphic cell SenseLab Olfactory cortex polymorphic cell Layer 5-6 polymorphic cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. 2007-09-05 Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 polymorphic cell Neocortex polymorphic neuron layer 5-6 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2/3 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2/3 Layer 2 3 Pyramidal Neuron uncurated sao816233655 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2/3 April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar T cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar T cell October 6, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. T multipolar cell Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar T cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar T cell 2007-09-05 Retina amacrine cell displaced A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. NIF 2007-09-05 Displaced amacrine cell Retina amacrine cell displaced April 15, 2009 June 8, 2010 The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II cell is VIP+. The soma was reported mainly in stratum radiatum and the border with lacunosum-moleculare, and the dendrites are mostly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The axon innervates mainly CCK/VIP positive basket cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of calretinin by these cells is not known. Hippocampus CA1 IS-II neuron CA1 IS-II cell Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 2007-09-05 UV-cone cell NIF 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. UV-cone cell type 8 cone bipolar cell Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 [[Definition::Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types [type 7 and type 8] have slender cell bodies]] BAMSC1022 June 1, 2010 Retina type 8 cone bipolar cell Type I II Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 500 cubic microns and is associated with small diameter axons sao-32901633 core:definition incomplete Type I II Oligodendrocyte Type I/II Oligodendrocyte Dentate gyrus granule neuron SenseLab Granule cell of dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus granule cell Dentate granule celle sao2007319345 The dentate gyrus granule cell is the only principal cell of the dentate gyrus. SAO 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 December 5, 2008 Dentate gyrus granule cell thalamic relay cell Thalamocortical cell 2007-09-05 thalamocortical neuron 2007-09-05 Thalamocortical cell SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Trapezoid body principal cell 2007-09-05 Trapezoid body principal cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. SenseLab Trapezoid body principal neuron February 12, 2010 V3 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V3 sao1847837612 This needs to be extensively investigated Meninges Cell uncurated Meninges Cell Cell that comprises the meninges Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell October 6, 2009 Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar cell Multipolar cell of VCN December 10, 2008 Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma. Two subclasses are recognzed based on their alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma. Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar cell 2007-09-05 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. NeuroMorpho.org Renshaw cell SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. April 15, 2009 DRG II cell II ganglion cell DRG II cell 2007-09-05 uncurated Cerebellum basket cell SenseLab February 12, 2010 Cerebellar basket cell sao666951243 NIF http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/basket_cell_ccdb_512x512.jpg Intrinsic cell residing in the inner third of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Axons extend laterally, transverse to the folium, and densely innervate the somata of Purkinje neurons. Axon collaterals of the basket cell axon form the specialized terminal plexus, the "pinceau", around the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. Cerebellum basket cell 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 CD133 positive stem cell CD133 positive stem cell uncurated sao1149261773 C0926518 Stretch cells Specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS. Resemble spongioblasts seen in developing brain. Found in the adult brain in the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, spinal canal and floor of the fourth ventricle. CL:0000643 Tanycyte Tanycyte NeuroMorpho just lists granule cell April 9, 2010 sao1736323572 Definition Added Cerebellar granule cell SenseLab SAO Cerebellum granule cell 2007-09-05 March 19, 2009 NIF Cerebellum granule cell sao658938043 Cardiac Muscle Cell uncurated Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (myoblasts, cardiac (MSH). C0225828 cardiac myocyte CL:0000746 Cardiac Muscle Cell DG Spiny CR-positive interneurons The DG spiny CR cells are present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. Sridevi Polavaram Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p387 8915675 Dentate gyrus spiny CR cell DG Spiny CR DG Spiny CR immunoreactive cell March 19, 2010 uncurated Choroid Epithelial Cell Choroid Epithelial Cell sao1541570510 Cuboidal shaped epithelial cell forming one of the components of the choroid plexus (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Retina photoreceptor cone L Retina cone L February 12, 2010 Spiny bipolar cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Spiny bipolar cell Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell MCC Largest Serotonergic Neuron in the anterior portion of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. This neuron has axons that project to the buccal ganglion. Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell Metacerebral cell Giant Serotonergic Neuron March 25, 2009 April 15, 2009 Precursor Cell Precursor Cell uncurated sao467424240 progenitor cell A subgroup of neurons in NTS that express glucocorticoid to inactivating enzyme 11 to beta to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2), a signature of aldosterone to sensitive tissues. Similar neurons are found in other brain regions. The NTS population may represent a unique phenotype. HSD2 cell HSD2 neuron Geerling et a 2006 BAMSC1112 Solitary tract nucleus HSD2 neuron June 3, 2010 SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Trapezoid body intrinsic cell Trapezoid body intrinsic cell Trapezoid body intrinsic neuron BAMSC991 May 28, 2010 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus common spiny cell BNST common spiny neuron CL:0000737 Striated Muscle Cell Striated Muscle Cell uncurated sao82362520 The CA2 bistratified cells have radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The broad CA2 bistratified cells have dendrites that extend horizontally into all three CA subfields. December 15, 2009 CA2 bistratified cell Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. 17611285 2007-09-05 Hippocampal basket cell SenseLab April 2, 2009 Hippocampal basket cell 2007-01-13 NG2 positive glial cell characterized by a stellate appearance and a large process arborization. They have a centrally placed cell body from which extend numerous primary processes that pass radially and bifurcate three or more times to form a process field of approximately 100 nanometers in diameter ((Butt et al., 2004; PMID: 16367797). NG2 cell characterized by a differentiated, stellate appearance that lack expression of most differentiated glial cell-type specific markers. graph position temporary Synantocyte According to some, synantocytes are equivalent to NG2 cells. According to others, they are the predominant NG2 cell found in the post-natal animal, but are distinct from bipolar progenitory cells. Synantocyte sao-408886955 sao1415726815 Cerebellar Golgi Cell uncurated Large neuron found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell enters into a complex arrangement witht he mossy fiber terminal-granule cell dendrite in the cerebellar glomerulus. April 15, 2009 Cerebellum Golgi Cell Cerebellum Golgi Cell April 15, 2009 Neocortex stellate smooth cell uncurated Cortical Smooth Stellate Cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by relatively smooth dendrites (While and Rock, 1980). Neocortex stellate smooth cell sao770302354 CL:0000126 sao1895605722 macroglial cell Macroglial Cell SAO classifies Schwann cells as a type of macroglia; Cell Type Ontology includes only astrocytes and oligodendroglia C0228087 Macroglial Cell uncurated Cochlear nucleus ventral bushy cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell Smith, P. H. and Rhode, W. S. (1987) Characterization of HRP-labeled globular bushy cells in the cat anteroventral cochlear nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol., 266: 360-375 and Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. Ventral cochlear nucleus bushy cell Bushy cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell December 10, 2008 Bushy neuron Type of neuron in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus characterized by two to four primary dendrites which branch profusely, giving the cell a "bushy" appearance. The cell somas of these neurons have been described as "spherical" in the anterior division of the AVDC and "globular" in the posterior division of the AVDC. The principle inputs are from the auditory ganglio cells via the end bulbs of Held. April 15, 2009 Retina rod bipolar cell Retina bipolar cell characterized by dendritic trees that are more bushy with finer dendrites that penetrate further into the outer nuclear layer where they innervate rod spherules than cone bipolar cells. The somata of RBs are larger and are located in the outer half of the INL close to the OPL; their axons run through the OPL and end in large lobulated terminals at the border of the IPL and ganglion cell layer (Euler and Wassle, 1995). Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 rod bipolar cell BAMSC1014 Retina photoreceptor cone S February 12, 2010 BAMSC1016 type 2 cone bipolar cell Retina type 2 cone bipolar cell Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB) dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ... the axon terminal system of type 2 looks a bit disordered. June 1, 2010 uncurated Neocortex stellate cell CL:0000122 Cortical Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate cell April 15, 2009 sao164665273 Neocortex stellate neuron C0206511 sao709770772 CL:0000609 April 15, 2009 A mechanoreceptor cell located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem. uncurated Vestibular hair cell Vestibular hair cell UMLS April 15, 2009 Getting 1977 Dorsal swim interneuron Dorsal leech swim interneuron One of three serotonergic neurons on the dorsal surface of the Tritonia cerebral ganglion. Projects an axon contralaterally to the pedal ganglion. Fire stereotypical bursts of action potentials during a swim motor pattern. DSI Leech swim (dorsal) interneuron March 15, 2009 Tri0001043 Cerebral Serotonergic Poster Neuron Leech swim (dorsal) interneuron BAMSC995 BNST beaded cell May 28, 2010 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus BNST beaded neuron Neuron located within the core of the nucleus (BSTov) that is termed a beaded neuron (BN) because of its rounded soma and numerous spherules along both dendrites and axon (Fig. 11). The soma measures from 12 to 17 micrometers in its widest axis and is nearly spherical, having a rather smooth profile. The soma issues two or three short primary dendrites, which usually run horizontally. After a short distance (10 to 40 micrometers), these proximal branches give rise to sets of two to five long, secondary dendrites. The occurrence of third to order dendrites is variable, as is their length (20 to 150 micrometers). A defining characteristic of BN dendrites is the presence of distinct varicosities that are virtually devoid of dendritic spines. The BN axon and its collaterals also exhibit a series of small spherules (0.3-0.5 um) united by thin axonal bridges (Lariva-Sahd, 2006, as reported in http://brancusi.usc.edu/bkms). Astrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury (MSH). uncurated sao1394521419 Astrocyte CL:0000127 C0004112 http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Neocortex bipolar cell Neocortex bipolar cell SenseLab Bipolar dendrite cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Superior colliculus stellate neuron BAMSC1129 stellate neuron Langer and Lund 1974 June 3, 2010 The third major category of cells in the superior colliculus is the stellate cell. The cells are defined by the lack of overall orientation to the dendritic fields which extend symmetrically from the cell body. Stellate cells are multipolar with dendrites arising from any portion of the cell body. The dendrites may range anywhere from gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most frequent in the zone of horizontal cells and the smooth radiate cells increasingly more frequent in the deeper zones until they are almost the only cell type in the zones below the stratum opticum. The dimensions of the cell bodies and dendritic fields are comparable to those of other cells in the same zone and the dendritic field is generally contained within the same zone as the cell body. The axons of stellate cells have both local and/or distant distributions and a morphology characteristic of intrinsic axons. As with all the other cell types, the axon may take its origin from the cell body or a low order dendrite. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_59 Double Bouquet Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 uncurated Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). This class has been retired. sao910084726 Double Bouquet Cell SenseLab April 15, 2009 Neocortex chandelier-type cell Chandelier-type cell Neocortex handelier-type cell 2007-09-05 SAO Striatal spiny neuron March 31, 2009 NeuroMorpho.org SenseLab Medium spiny cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/med_spiny_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg Neostriatum spiny medium neuron Neostriatum spiny medium cell Medium-sized spiny neuron Neostriatal spiny neuron 2007-09-05 Neostriatum spiny medium cell sao68203136 April 15, 2009 Medium spiny neuron Striatal medium spiny cell Takasu N, Nakatani T, Arikuni T, Kimura H. Immunocytochemical localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the hypoglossal nucleus of the macaque monkey, Macaca fuscata: a light and electron microscopic study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol.263, Pp. 42-53, 1987 hypoglossal nucleus motoneuron hypoglossal motoneuron Hypoglossal nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose soma lies in the hypoglossal nucleus 3667970 hypoglossal motor neuron March 17, 2010 Hippocampus CA1 stratum oriens interneuron Maryann Martone September 29, 2009 BAMSC1015 Type 1 CB (n = 6, Fig. 1B) is an outer cone bipolar cell with a flat stratification in stratum 1 of the IPL and only one ascending primary dendrite that ramifies sparsely. Retina type 1 cone bipolar cell Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 type 1 cone bipolar cell June 1, 2010 August 11, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell March 31, 2009 This class has been retired Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_148 June 1, 2010 BAMSC1017 Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB) dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ...the axon terminal of type 3 shows a and quot;well to arranged and quot; treelike branching pattern. Retina type 3 cone bipolar cell type 3 cone bipolar cell Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betz_cell C0228073 Betz Cell uncurated sao786552500 A type of pyramidal cell neuron, the soma of which is located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex. They are named after Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz, who described them in his work published in 1874.[1] These neurons are the largest in the central nervous system, sometimes reaching 100 μm in diameter.[2][3] Betz cells send their axons down to the spinal cord where in humans they synapse directly with anterior horn cells, which in turn synapse directly with their target muscles. While Betz cells have one apical dendrite typical to pyramidal neurons, they have more primary dendritic shafts, and these do not leave the soma only at basal angles but rather branch out from almost any point asymmetrically.[4] These perisomatic and basal dendrites project into all cortical layers, but most of their horizontal arbors populate layers V and VI, some reaching down into the white matter.[5] According to one study, Betz cells represent about 10% of the total pyramidal cell population in layer Vb of the human primary motor cortex. (Adapted from Wikipedia) Betz Cell March 31, 2009 Huxlin and Goodchild BAMSC1009 June 3, 2010 Large to bodied/large to field RGCs in the rat...Group RGA cells...have large somata (15 to 39 micrometers in diameter) and large, radially branching dendritic fields (235 to 748 micrometers in diameter), and many exhibit tracer coupling Retina ganglion cell A BNST basket neuron BAMSC988 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket cell bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket neuron May 28, 2010 uncurated Synonyms added and the label has been changed. Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex (not including hippocampus or olfactory cortex). The pyramidal cell of the neocortex is located in layers 2-3 and 5-6, has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. April 12, 2010 Neocortex pyramidal cell Cortical pyramidal neuron sao2128417084 Neocortex pyramidal neuron Neocortical pyramidal neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell Neocortical pyramidal cell Wouterlood FG, Sauren YM, Steinbusch HW., Histaminergic neurons in the rat brain: correlative immunocytochemistry, Golgi impregnation, and electron microscopy. Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 252, Pp. 227-244, 1986 March 17, 2010 Large neuron in the tubermammillary nucleus that contains histamine and projects widely to the cerebral cortex characterized ultrastructurally by their large size, large spherical nucleus rarely indented, relatively large amounts of cytoplasm including well-developed perinuclearly organized golgi apparatus, numerous small mitochondria, clusters of small cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the large emission cones of primary dendrites and by the partial wrapping by astroglia. Tubermammillary nucleus large histamine neuron Tubermammillary histaminergic neuron 3023456 Langer and Lund 1974 June 3, 2010 piriform neuron piriform cell BAMSC1117 Superior colliculus piriform cell The piriform cells have ovoid or cup shaped cell bodies, 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, located within a narrow lamina along the deep margin of the zone of horizontal cells. The restriction of the piriform cell somata to the boundary between the zone of horizontal cells and the zone of vertical cells is remarkably accurate and consistent. The piriform cells give rise to 2 to 5 dendrites from the superficial surface, which course through the zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the surface. As the ascending dendrites approach the surface they branch more frequently, almost always by equipartition, to form a complicated intermingling bouquet of slowly tapering dendrites, 150 to 350 micrometers in width and slightly less than 200 micrometers in depth. The axon most frequently takes its origin from the base of the soma, but sometimes it arises from one of the low order dendrites. From its origin the axon runs immediately down through the zone of vertical cells, occasionally with collaterals which may arborize within the superficial laminae. The axon is thin and smooth, occasionally with en passant varicosities. Beta Tanycyte Beta Tanycyte uncurated sao647178911 Astrocytes lying close to the pia mater that may form several layers of endfeet. They also extend several smooth long processes into the neuropil. They are located on the borders between neuronal and non-neuronal tissue Marginal Astrocyte graph position temporary sao-1865064409 Marginal Astrocyte There is some discussion about whether all marginal glia are astrocytes. Ligon et al PNAS 2006, PMID: 16682644 Bipolar Progenitor Cell Bipolar Progenitor Cell sao1492258085 A type of NG2 positive cell that resemble oligodendrocyte precursors Pituicyte C0229545 Pituicyte CL:0000645 uncurated sao1004082033 sao1543450574 Vascular Endothelial Cell uncurated Vascular Endothelial Cell This cell class is not contained in the Cell Type Ontology June 1, 2010 BAMSC1018 Type 4 (n = 4, Fig. 1E) is a diffuse CB stratifying in both strata 1 and 2. Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 Retina type 4 cone bipolar cell type 4 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1073 Retinal ganglion cell C2 RGC2 gave a morphology similar to the delta ganglion cells of Peichl (1989). They have a small to medium to sized somata from which fine axons emerge. Two to four primary dendrites branch close to the soma. These and subsequent branches twist and turn, unlike the radiating dendrites of the Group RGA neurons. The soma is usually central to the dendritic field. The dendritic fileds are smalled than those Group RGA cells at the same eccentricities, and they show little variation in size as a function of eccentricity (Fig. 12). RGC2 neurons did not exhibit tracer coupling, but many have numerous and prominent dendritic spines. The RGC2 cells had a similar morphology to RGC1 cells but with curvier dendrites and a denser dendritic field (Fig. 6B). retinal ganglion cell C2 Huxlin and Goodchild 1997 Satellite Cell uncurated Schwann cell that apposes or encapsulates neuronal perikarya (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Satellite Cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/satellite_cell_sw_512x512.jpg sao792373294 May 6, 2010 March 31, 2009 provides the major input into the dentate gyrus in a unidirectional perforant path Entorhinal cortex pyramidal cell sao265591209 NG2 Cell uncurated NG2 Cell NG2 cells are central nervous system (CNS) glial cells defined by their expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, NG2, which is also known as Cspg4 or AN2 sao436474611 uncurated April 15, 2009 Neocortex bipolar neuron Cortical Bipolar Cell Type of VIP containing neuron found in the visiual cortex. Neocortex bipolar neuron sao313023570 Glial Cell CL:0000125 schwann cells The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear. June 22, 2009 microglia A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. (Reichenbach and Wolburg) Glial Cell glia uncurated neuroglial cell astrocytes Cell Type Ontology C0027836 Autonomic motor neuron April 15, 2009 March 31, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 2007-09-05 SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron autonomic Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron autonomic A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Sympathetic nervous system function. uncurated April 14, 2010 CL:0000287 Retinal photoreceptor Eye Photoreceptor Cell Eye Photoreceptor Cell sao226523927 Definition edited. NIF December 5, 2008 Lugaro cell April 15, 2009 Cerebellum Lugaro cell Cerebellum Lugaro cell 2007-09-05 Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer characterized by a fusiform cell body with thick, horizontally oriented dendrites. Lugaro cells are located in or slightly below the Purkinje cell layer at the outermost edge of the granular layer. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell Pyramidal neuron with a soma located in hippocampal area CA1. uncurated sao830368389 CA1 pyramidal neuron August 20, 2009 Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 DRG Merckel disc cell Merckel disc cell April 15, 2009 SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. DRG Merckel disc cell Pericyte CL:0000184 *Slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. (From OBO Cell Type Ontology). *A flattened, or elongated, stellate-shaped solitary cell with multiple cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillary endothelium and contacting a large abluminal vessel area. It may be equivalent to the vascular smooth muscle cell, although this identify has not been conclusively determined yet (Armulik et al., Circ Res 97: 512, 2005). Rouget Cell OBO Cell Type Ontology v1.36 Need to modify this definition to include morphology. sao1355908696 Definition and editorial note added. Moved as a subclass of 'Cell' instead instead of a subclass of 'Muscle Cell'. SAO 2007-09-05 Mural Cell Pericyte March 19, 2009 December 11, 2008 December 18, 2009 Not sure that this is what was meant by EC stellate II. May have to delete this class. Hippocampus CA1 basket cell Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2b Type of V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron chacterized by GATA2/3 June 3, 2010 April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. On cell 2007-09-05 Retina bipolar cell on NIF Retina bipolar cell on uncurated Spherical Bushy Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_71 Spherical Bushy Cell This class has been retired. March 19, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 sao1482618768 Horizontal cell (olfactory) A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Olfactory cortex horizontal cell Olfactory cortex horizontal cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 March 31, 2009 Bergmann astrocyte Bergmann Glial Cell sao1299495391 CL:0000644 Bergmann Glial Cell graph position temporary radial epithelial cell Core:Definition modified from Wikipedia by MM. According to Reichenbach and Wolberg the Bergmann glia should be considered a type of radial astrocyte but some do not consider this a type of astrocyte C0228088 http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/berg_glia_sw_512x512.jpg Bergmann glia Wikipedia Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses. Pars reticulata Gaba interneuron December 4, 2008 Substania nigra pars reticulata interneuorn GABA Substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA neuron April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 SAO Substania nigra pars reticulata interneuorn GABA Medium complex ganglion cell NeuroMorpho.org A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Retina ganglion cell medium complex Retina ganglion cell medium complex 2007-09-05 Substantia nigra pars reticulata interneuron March 31, 2009 SNpr interneuron graph position temporary Radial Astrocyte A type of astrocyte with a radial orientation commonly found in spinal cord and brain of lower vertebrates and sometimes in the optic nerve of mammals. One process abuts the pial surface and the other extends through significant thicknesses of neural tissue. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Radial Astrocyte sao6261208102 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. October 6, 2009 2007-09-05 Dorsal cochlear nucleus vertical cell Vertical Cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus vertical cell Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus vertical cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell tuberculoventral cell Type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies and dendrites are intermingled among the basal dendrtici trees of pyramidal cells. Their dendrites are smooth and are flattened in the plane of the isofrequency sheet so that in a coronal section, they appear to be oriented vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the layers. They are inhibitory and use glycine as a neurotransmitter. Neocortex pyramidal basket cell February 12, 2010 pyramidal basket neuron pyramidal basket cell thalamic Golgi lla neuron Golgi lla cell April 12, 2010 Thalamus interneuron small 2007-09-05 small thalamic interneuron Small interneuron thalamic A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Thalamus interneuron small Baloyannis, S. J., Costa, V., Psaroulis, V., Arzoglou, L. Papsotiriou (1994) The nucleus basalis of Meynert of the human brain: a Golgi and electron microscope study, Int J Neurosci., 78: 33-41 Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron February 12, 2009 Cholinergic nucleus basalis neuron April 15, 2009 Cholinergic nucleus basalis cell Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron Nucleus basalis polyhedral neuron Large multipolar neuron (also described as polyhedral) found in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal forebrain that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Most of the dendrites are very long giving a thick network of secondary and tertiary dendritic branches in a radial three dimensional arrangement in the neuropil space. The secondary and tertiary dendritic branches are studded with long fusiform or triangular spines. uncurated CL:0000202 Hair Cell Hair Cell C0018496 sao2046464388 Mechanoreceptors located in the organ of Corti that are sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that are sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system (MSH). General cortex pyramidal cell Cortical Pyramidal cell Cortical Pyramidal cell General cortex pyramidal neuron April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Cortex (general) pyramidal cell Cortex (general) pyramidal neuron uncurated Sub-ependymal Astrocyte sao399295448 Large astrocyte that forms a layer that lies beneath the ependymal layer. Sub-ependymal Astrocyte 2007-09-05 Moved as a subclass of 'Autonomic motor neuron' from 'Motor neuron'. 2007-09-05 December 9th, 2008 Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic Sympathetic motor neuron DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell SenseLab DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell Pacinian corpuscle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Unipolar brush cell SAO A type of cell in the cerebellar cortex, first described in 1977 by Altman and Bayer, characterized by a single dendrite ending in a small brush consisting of a number of small dendrites called dendrioles. Unipolar brush cells are found in primarily in the granular cell layer and most concentrated in lobule IX, the flocculus, the nodulus and the ventromedial zone of the paraflocculus. Their somata are larger than granule cells but smaller than Golgi cells. They are known to stain for calretinin. Kalinchichenko, S. G. and Okhotin, V. E. Unipolar brush cells-a new type of excitatory interneuron in the cerebellar cortex and cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 25 (1), 21-26, 2005 Cerebellum unipolar brush cell Cerebellum unipolar brush cell UBC NIF Unipolar brush neuron Note that this reference was translated from the original Russian and appeared in Morfologiya, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 7, December, 2003. There are apparently two distinct populations of UBC's staining for calretinin and mGluR1 alpha respectively February 12, 2010 2007-09-05 Retina bipolar cell off April 15, 2009 NIF A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. 2007-09-05 Retina bipolar cell off Off cell Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter June 1, 2010 V0c interneuron spinal cord V0c interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0C Zagaraiou et al., Neuron 64: 645, 2009 Supporting cell 2007-09-05 Main olfactory epithelium sustentacular cell sustentacular cell April 15, 2009 Main olfactory epithelium supporting (sustentacular) cell Main olfactory epithelium supporting (sustentacular) cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. C1113654 Neural Stem Cell sao938060309 Neural Stem Cell Embryonic cell that develops into a neuron (CSP). Nerve stem cell uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1460710779 large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. Wikipedia Alpha Motor Neuron lower motor neuron Alpha Motor Neuron This class has been retired. uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_105 sao1154704263 Need to update this definition to include morphological criteria. SAO microglia http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/microglia2_sw_512x512.jpg Microglial cell Partial definition added and mapped with sao ID sao789292116. A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. December 9, 2008 sao789292116 2007-09-05 Microglial cell March 19, 2008 p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 December 15, 2009 Hippocampus CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron CA1 O-LM interneuron 15539390 CA1 Oriens Lacunosum Moleculare (O-LM) cell is one kind of non-pyramidal cell types in the stratum oriens, stratum radiatum, and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus. These cells are mostly immunoreactive to GABAergic markers and hence considered interneurons. In CA1 O-LM cells the cell body is located in stratum oriens. The axons of O-LM cell leave the stratum oriens and rise directly to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, ramifying there to form a dense plexus. These axons form symmetrical synapses with the distal apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, because most of the excitatory input to the O-LM cells appears to arise from recurrent collaterals of the pyramidal cells, this class of interneuron inhibits activity in the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells in a disynaptic, feedback manner. CA1 O-LM Retina photoreceptor rod February 12, 2010 April 14, 2010 rod photoreceptor rod rod cell Added the definition and the defining citation. Ventral cochlear nucleus octopus cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) octopus cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus octopus cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus octopus cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Octopus Cell April 15, 2009 October 6, 2009 Large neuron located in the "octopus cell containing region" of the posteior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus with an oriented dendritic tree that is shaped like an octopus. The orientation is perpendicular to auditory nerve fibers. Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Projection neuron found in the superficial border of layer II of piriform cortex similar in characteristics to a pyramidal cell and also resembling the granule cell of the dentate gyrus. It has an apical but no basilar dendrites. They project to other cortical areas but, in contrast to pyramidal cells, they do not project back to the olfactory bulb. Maryann Martone October 5, 2009 Olfactory cortex semilunar cell semilunar neuron semilunar cell Medial geniculate body ventral tufted neuron Morest, D. K. (1964) The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body of the cat. J. Anat., Lond., 98, 611 May 11, 2010 Principle neuron in ventral division of medial geniculate nucleu characterized by strongly tufted dendrites, with overall discoid dendritic fields extending dors-ventrally and antero-posteriorly on average of 200 um. Neurons are arranged in parallel laminae, seen in transverse or horizontal sections of the pars lateralis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=8 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=8 OPC uncurated Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell sao1213292244 Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Maryann Martone Medium sized neuron located in the dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis characterized by an oval, oblong or round shaped cell soma, an irregularly shaped oblong nucleus with one or rarely two nucleoli and an indented nuclear envelope. The somatic surface is smooth with no smatic spines. any organelles are present in the cytoplasm, including well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum forming Nissl bodies. Hayakawa, T and Zyo, K. Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and axosomatic synapses. Anatomy and Embryology 177: 485-493, 1988. Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium cell Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium neuron April 2, 2009 Thalamus interneuron large A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. Thalamus interneuron large April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Large interneuron thalamic There is a visual pigment cell in the cell type ontology but we are not sure if this is the same cell Located in the sub-retinal space, these cells form the sub-retinal blood-brain barrier and contain light-absorbing melanin pigment granules Pigment Epithelial Cell Pigment Epithelial Cell sao-423426544 Millhouse G. E., The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986. GABA containing interneuron that occur in densely packed clusters located in and around the border of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and the external capsule. These cells are characterized by a small soma and a poorly developed short dendrite and their occurrence in tightly packed groups. Two distinct subtypes have been proposed by Marowsky et al (Neuron 48:1025, 2005) based on location and morphology. These neurons are notable among GABA cells for their lack of calbindin and parvalbumin and other typical constituents of GABA interneurons. I propose that we include a "lacks" property, as endorsed by OBO relations because I suspect that this will also be an important way we distinguish among classes. Amygdaloid nucleus paracapsular intercalated cell TC Tufted cell Principal neuron located in the outer third of the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Each tufted cell is characterized by usually a single short primary dendrite that traverses the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon terminals. Differentiated from external tufted cells. Axons of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Olfactory bulb main tufted cell Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle) 2007-09-05 December 15, 2009 Olfactory bulb main tufted cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2-3 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 corticocortical cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. superficial pyramidal cell Layer 2-3 pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta Beta motor neuron 2007-09-05 SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta Taste bud type 2 cell April 15, 2009 SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Gustatory System function. Taste bud type 2 cell 2007-09-05 Hippocampus CA3 radiatum neuron Ascoli et al. 2009 J. Comp. Neurol. PMID: 19496174 CA3 R interneuron December 15, 2009 The CA3 Radiatum (R) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum radiatum which receives converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. The dendritic tree of R interneurons typically extend between the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus and the stratum pyramidale of CA3. The axonal branches often extend beyond their layer of somatic residence into stratum lacunosum-moleculare or stratum pyramidale. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Sridevi Polavaram Island of Calleja granule cell Island of Calleja granule neuron Neuron located in the granule cell clusters in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a small soma with one to two small sparsely spiny varicose dendrites. The axon has not been observed to exit the clusters in Golgi preparations. Ultrastructurally, it is characterized by scant cytoplasm and a round nucleus (Meyer et al., 1989) Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja granule neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Retina ganglion cell medium simple Retina ganglion cell medium simple 2007-09-05 Medium simple ganglion cell April 15, 2009 NeuroMorpho.org February 12, 2009 Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine April 15, 2009 Locus coeruleus NA neuron Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron Locus coeruleus NA neuron Pain cell DRG pain cell March 31, 2009 DRG pain cell SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 SenseLab Double cone cell Double cone cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Fibrous Astrocyte Astrocytes characterized by high content of intermediate filaments and few vellous processes; often found in white matter. C0228090 uncurated Fibrous Astrocyte sao2078084673 Neocortex bouquet double cell Neocortex bouquet double cell Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). Double bouquet cell April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 2007-09-05 type 9 cone bipolar cell Retina type 9 cone bipolar cell BAMSC1023 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 June 1, 2010 Type 9 CB has a very sparse but large axonal terminal system in the inner IPL (mainly stratum 5), with occasional processes penetrating into the GCL. The dendritic tree is also sparsely branched but covers a wide range of the OPL. We classify this differently from the cell type ontology, as a type of radial glia rather than as a type of astrocyte. We need to look at this again. sao1615912903 CL:0000636 Muller Cell Min-Lin Chang, Ching-Hsiang Wu, Ya-Fen Jiang-Shieh, Jeng-Yung Shieh, Chen-Yuan Wen (2007) Reactive changes of retinal astrocytes and Muller glial cells in kainate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity Journal of Anatomy 210 (1), 54.65. doi:10.1111/protege469-7580.2006.00671.x graph position temporary Muller Cell Specialized glial cell of the retina that extends from the inner limiting membrane to the outer limiting membrane CA2 basket cell Mercer et. al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 PMID 17611285 This cell lacks calbindin. We need to add a "lacks molecular constituent" property The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells have significantly broader dendritic width, and axonal arbors than that of other types of CA2 basket cells or of CA1 basket cells. December 15, 2009 Hippocampus CA2 basket cell broad April 12, 2010 Output neuron of the accessory olfactory bulb. (GMS 8-10-9) August 11, 2009 Accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. MC (AOB) Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell Mitral cell of the accessory olfactory bulb accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell Principal neuron of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Resembles the mitral cell of the main olfactory bulb, though somewhat smaller and less clearly differentiated. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is characterized by one (or several) primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches where it receives input from the axons of sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ. The axon projects mainly to the cortical-medial nuclei of the amygdala. Olfactory bulb accessory mitral cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/smooth_muscle_cell_sw_512x512.jpg CL:0000192 C1135918 UMLS Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (myoblasts, smooth muscle) (MSH). uncurated sao676858164 Smooth Muscle Cell non-striated muscle cell Smooth Muscle Cell Moved as a subclass of 'Pyramidal Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Also a difinition is added for this class. December 10, 2008 Subiculum pyramidal cell Pyramidal neuron whose cell body is located in the subiculum. Subiculum pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Subiculum pyramidal neuron Globus pallidus principle cell April 15, 2009 Globus pallidus principal cell 2007-09-05 Globus pallidus principal cell May 11, 2010 Gigantocellular nucleus giant neuron sao1417703748 sao1482618768 Moved as a suclass of 'Bushy Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell December 10, 2008 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell Ventral cochlear nucleus spherical bushy cell April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Spherical Bushy Cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Golgi II cell NIF Golgi II cell Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 June 8, 2010 CA1 IS-III cell Hippocampus CA1 IS-III neuron CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type III cells are VIP+, calretinin+ and terminals mGluR7a+. The soma is located mainly in stratum pyramidale and radiatum with radial dendrites crossing most layers (Acsady et al. 1996a,b). The axon innervates mainly O-LM cells (Acsady et al. 1996a; Ferraguti et al. 2004) and terminals express high level of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zone (Somogyi et al. 2003). Freund and Buzsaki Hippocampus 1996 (PMID 8915675) The characteristics provided for this cell class are based on the most abundant data in the field, which are from young adult rats. There could be species-specific, age-specific, and even gender-specific differences. For example, monkey and rat differ in cytoarchitectonic structure and quantitative cell morphology. Maryann Martone February 12, 2010 Dentate gyrus basket cell pyramidal basket cell uncurated Cochlear hair Cell sao630986029 Cochlear hair Cell April 15, 2009 Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell narrow 17611285 A type of neuron found in hippocampal area CA2 characterized by radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The narrow CA2 bistratified cell dendrites and axons are more confined within the CA2 region. Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 Sridevi P. CA2 bistratified cell October 1, 2009 UMLS sao1103104164 Retinal Cone Cell One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. (MSH) Retinal Cone Cell Cone cell C0206428 CL:0000573 uncurated ventral horn Neuron 0005623 CL:0000000 Oocyte Neuroblast The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope (Gene Ontology). uncurated cell Stomatal guard cell Cell Mauthner cell We are restricting ourselves to cells that are in the nervous system or closely associated with nervous system cells, e.g., muscle cells. A more complete ontology of Cell Types is available through OBO. Eventually, we hope to provide our contents to OBO Cell Type. Hepatocyte December 5, 2008 sao1813327414 Cell June 1, 2010 beaded cell Among the short to axon neurons, the neurogliaform (NG) and spinous neurogliaform (SNG) types have an extremely dense plexus, and both fall into the DAPF category (Jones, 1984). Both cell types are found in the upper half of the core of the Ov. BNSTdense axon plexus-forming neuron BAMSC993 Taste bud type 1 cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Gustatory System function. SenseLab Taste bud type 1 cell April 15, 2009 Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 Mitral neuron sao900005350 MC Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is usually characterized in the mammal by a single primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches which receives input from the axons of olfactory receptor neurons. Axons of the mitral cells project to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Olfactory bulb (main) mitral cell Mitral cell Olfactory bulb main mitral cell 2007-09-05 March 31, 2009 Olfactory bulb main mitral cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. CA3 Spiny CR-positive interneurons The CA3 spiny CR cell is an interneuron in Hippocampus that is present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p387, PMID 8915675 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the meantime, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. December 15, 2009 CA3 Spiny CR immunoreactive cell Sridevi Polavaram Hippocampus CA3 spiny CR cell June 1, 2010 BAMSC992 dense axon plexus forming neuron dense axon plexus forming cell Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus BNST spiny neuron with chandelier-like axon Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte Type III IV Oligodendrocyte core:definition incomplete Type III IV Oligodendrocyte sao515196263 Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 30,000 cubic microns (up to 150,000 cubic microns) and is associated with large diameter axons. 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 NeuroMorpho.org Retina ganglion cell small complex Small complex ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell small complex fusimotor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma March 19, 2009 Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). April 15, 2009 Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. Gamma motor neuron SenseLab 2007-09-05 Fibroblast February 12, 2009 A large, flat, oval cell found in connective tissue and responsible for the formation of fibers. Fibroblast Retinal Bipolar cell 2007-09-05 Retinal Bipolar Neuron Retina bipolar neuron Retina bipolar cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. April 15, 2009 Retinal Bipolar cell NIF SenseLab Chemosensory receptor Chemosensory receptor neuron SenseLab 2007-10-10 Chemosensory receptor cell Chemosensory receptor cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Meissner's corpuscle cell DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell SenseLab DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell 2007-09-05 Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. SenseLab SAO April 15, 2009 NIF Cerebellum stellate cell Cerebellar stellate cell Cerebellum stellate cell December 15, 2009 Hippocampus CA2 basket cell narrow CA2 basket cell Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons in the CA2 region whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The narrow basket cells are narrow and both dendrites and axons are confined to the region of origin. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. 17611285 Cell that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (epithelium) or masses (MSH). Epithelial Cell CL:0000066 Epithelial Cell C0014597 uncurated sao441624014 Macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte which differentiates from monocytes, is typically resident in a particular tissue, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells (Cell Ontology). sao185843373 uncurated CL:0000235 Macrophage April 2, 2009 Ventral tegmental area DA cell Ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron 2007-09-05 This class has been retired 2007-09-05 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao383526650 CA3 pyramidal neuron CA3 pyramidal cell CA3 pyramidal cell Huang CL, Larue DT, Winer JA. GABAergic organization of the cat medial geniculate body. J Comp Neurol. 1999 Dec 20;415(3):368-92 Type of small thalamic interneuron May 11, 2010 Thalamus medial geniculate nucleus interneuron small medial geniculate small interneuron medial geniculate Golgi IIa cell Neostriatum cholinergic cell Neostriatum cholinergic interneuron Neostriatum giant cell of Kolliker sao1866881837 uncurated Large cholinergic interneuron in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens. Cholinergic Striatal Neuron April 15, 2009 Neostriatum cholinergic cell Moved as a suclass of 'Bushy Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Globular Bushy Cell sao1417703748 Ventral cochlear nucleus globular bushy cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell December 10, 2008 2007-09-05 Globular Bushy Neuron sao538050329 Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell April 15, 2009 uncurated Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal neuron Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron sao131261273 Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell NeuroMorpho.org 2007-09-05 CA1 neurogliaform cell April 15, 2009 Neurogliaform cell CA1 neurogliaform cell 8589792 Dentate gyrus IS-III cell Sridevi Polavaram DG MOPP 17093119 October 1, 2009 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus BAMSC990 June 1, 2010 BNST superficial spiny neuron superficial spiny cell Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron Pars reticulata principle neuron April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/purkinje_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg CL:0000121 Principal neuron (projection neuron) of the cerebellar cortex; cell bodies arranged in a single layer; characterized by a pear-shaped cell body, 1 (rarely 2) primary dendrites and an elaborate dendritic tree heavily invested with dendritic spines. sao471801888 Purkinje's corpuscles Cerebellum Purkinje cell April 15, 2009 C0034143 Cerebellum Purkinje cell Purkinje Cell uncurated December 4, 2008 Cerebellar Purkinje neuron Purkinje neuron Large branching neurons of the middle layer of cerebellar cortex, characterized by vast arrays of dendrites; involved in controlling complex movements (CSP). Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja spiny granule neuron June 4, 2010 Island of Calleja spiny granule neuron Millhouse J. Comp. Neurol 265:1-24, 1987 Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (Millhouse, 1987) Amacrine cell Retina amacrine cell 2007-09-05 April 9, 2010 The name amacrine cell was given by Cajal to cells that have no axon. He observed such cells not only in the retina but also in other parts of the brain. In the retina none of the amacrine cells appear to have have axons or axonlike processes, with the possible exception of the so to called association amacrine observed by Cajal (Ramon y Cajal, 1892, 1911) in the bird retina; this amacrine cell type may be a short to axon amacrine cell similar to the short to axon horizontal cell. Usually all the processes of a single anacrine cell look similar when viewed in Golgi to stained material by light microscopy. Amacrine cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. SenseLab Amacrine Neuron Rhombic lip stem cell Rhombic lip stem cell NIF 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 SAO anterior horn cell 2007-09-05 Action note added. March 19, 2009 Motor neuron spinal December 9, 2008 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. This classification is not orthogonal to the alpha, beta classification and needs to be rethought (M. Martone, October 26, 2008). This is a non orthogonal class which should be defined by restrictions. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 Motor neuron spinal February 12, 2010 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2 V2 interneuron This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". The Dentate gyrus HIPP cell (HIlar Perforant Path-associated cell) is an interneuron in the Hippocampal formation. It is a long-spined multipolar cell that is conspicuous of distribution of copious, long and often branched spines over its cell body and dendrites. The axonal plexus can extend as much as 3.5mm along the septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus. Since inhibitory interneurons typically have aspiny dendrites and relatively local axonal plexuses, this long spined multipolar/HIPP cell is a very atypical interneuron. December 5, 2009 DG HIPP Sridevi Polavaram Dentate gyrus HIPP cell 17093119 8915675 GC (MOB) 2007-09-05 Main olfactory bulb granule cell The main intrinsic neuron in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It lacks an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive information from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and send information to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Olfactory Granule cell sao776599268 Olfactory bulb (main) granule cell Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. February 12, 2010 Olfactory bulb main granule cell Granule cell of olfactory bulb Olfactory granule neuron CA3 SO interneuron December 15, 2009 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. PMID 7889123, PMID 10051188 Hippocampus CA3 oriens interneuron The CA3 stratum oriens interneuron is a fast spiking interneuron in hippocampal area CA3 with a main dendrite arborization extending in the stratum oriens and a widespread axonal arborization in all strata (Kawaguchi et al., 1987). The vast majority of dendritic processes were confined to the same layers as the cell bodies (Kantona et al., 1999). CA3 SO neuron Sridevi Polavaram Flexor reflex afferent interneuron FFA interneuron April 15, 2009 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA 2007-09-05 Small simple ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell small simple Retina ganglion cell small simple April 15, 2009 SenseLab 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. sao783352775 uncurated Pial Cell Pial Cell SenseLab Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic neuron 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell SenseLab Colliculus inferior intrinsic neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Inferior colliculus intrinsic cell Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell uncurated sao1741889714 Skeletal Muscle Cell CL:0000188 Skeletal Muscle Cell Neurocortex chestnut cell Chestnut neuron PMID: 8743417 Type of intrinsic neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cochlear nucleus, characterized by a small (~10 um) cell body and 1-2 stubby dendrites emerging from one side of the soma, ending in a terminal tuft. Finger-like projections emerge from both the dendritic tuft and the soma. The cell gets its name from the irregular surface of the cell soma, characterized by numerous scallops, blebs and other protrusions, giving it the appearance of a chestnut. At the ultrastructural level, the cell body and proximal dendrites are rich in Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes with a large, centrally located pale nucleus with a smooth nuclear membrane. Although it resembles the unipolar brush cell in some respects, it is differentiated by the gradual tapering of the primary dendrites in the transition from the cell soma and the fact that every protuberance of the dendrite is "prominantly synaptic" according to Weedman et al. (1996). It is a target of mossy fiber synapses. Chestnut cell March 15, 2009 Neurocortex chestnut cell Weedman, D. L., Pongstapron, T., Ryugo, D. K. (1996) Ultrastructural study of the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus in rats: mossy fiber endings and their targets. J. Comp. Neurol., 369: 345-60 April 12, 2010 April 15, 2009 Photoreceptor Cell Retina photoreceptor cell uncurated sao1233810115 Retina photoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect and transduce light (MESH). CL:0000210 Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus granule cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus granule cell check on granule morph type Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press December 10, 2008 Granule Cell DCN 2007-09-05 Added the definition and the defining citation. October 6, 2009 Small cell found in the cochlear nucleus that resemble cerebellar granule cells and appear to be developmentally related to them. Their axons project to the molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus where they form parallel fibers. Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) granule cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus granule cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. June 8, 2010 The CA1 trilaminar neuron is a neuron that is characterized by its axon densely innervating three layers stratum oriens, pyramidale and radiatum (Sik et al. 1995) projecting to subiculum and possibly to other regions, while the soma and long horizontal dendrites are in stratum oriens with strong immunoreactivity for the m2 receptor in the somato-dendritic domain and intense presynaptic mGluR8a decoration. It must also be noted that the same name has been used for various other cells with axon in at least three laminae (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Pawelzik et al. 2002). However, for this particular cell class the axons project to subiculum and possibly to other brain areas as well. Hippocampus CA1 trilaminar neuron CA1 trilaminar cell Somogyi & Klausberger, 2005 (15539390); Klausberger T & Somogyi P, 2008 (18599766);Spruston, 2008 (18270515) NIF M cell 2007-09-05 Magnocellular cell Check to see whether these are relay cells or interneurons Magnocellular cell 2007-09-05 Trapezoid body neuron Striatum (neo) GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Neostriatum gaba/parvalbumin interneuron SenseLab Neostriatum parvalbumin interneuron Neo Striatum Parvalbumin interneuron 2007-09-05 A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. THe axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) Striatum (neo) GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Striatum (neo) Parvalbumin interneuron Neo striatum GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. February 12, 2010 Neo Striatum GABA interneuron Striatum (neo) GABA interneuron Gaba/parvalbumin striatal interneuron Olfactory cortex small globular cell hepherd, G. S. Synaptic organization of the brain September 29, 2009 A small stellate cell with globular somata found in all layers of the piriform cortex. A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as satellite cells, perineuronal of ganglia) according to their location. They form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system (MSH). Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocyte uncurated sao844118448 CL:0000128 C0028944 oligodendroglia Basket cell (cortical) cortical basket neuron cortical basket cell Neocortex basket cell Neocortex basket cell April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Hair cell type II Hair cell type I Hair cell type I April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 March 19, 2009 Hair cell Type 1 April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Starburst amacrine cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. NIF Retina amacrine cell starburst Retina amacrine cell starburst CA1 pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 This class has been retired 2007-09-05 CA1 pyramidal cell CA1 pyramidal neuron http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao830368389 Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neuron Maryann Martone May 19, 2009 motor neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron April 9, 2010 Magnocellular neurosecretory cell Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cell Magnocellular secretory neuron Striatum matrix medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Striatal medium spiny cell that is located in the striatal matrix compartment. Striatal matrix medium spiny neuron Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell NIF Dorsal cochlear nucleus gabaergic cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell DCN Gabaergic cell deep cerebellar nucleus GABAergic cell uncurated A transient cell present only in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration (Cell Ontology). C0815005 radial glial cell Radial Glial Cell Radial Glial Cell CL:0000681 sao621772985 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental cell Spinal cord ventral horn intersegmental cell proprioception Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental neuron Spinal cord ventral horn intersegmental cell proprioception Proprioception intersegmental cell Ependymoglial Cell Ependymoglial Cell sao3593465546 A type of nerve cell characterized by bipolar shape and endfeet that contact a basal lamina around blood vessels, and/or the pia mater or vitreous body of the eye and additionally contact the ventricular surface or sub-retinal space. (Reichenbach and Wolburg, 2nd edition, 2005) December 15, 2009 Small intrinsic neuron found in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrites that arborizes within a glomerulus to receive synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engage in dendrodendritic interactions with mitrl/tufted cell dendrites. Occasionally, bitufted PG cells that connect to two glomeruli are seen. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region, extending as far as five glomeruli away. Some PG cells appear to lack axons. Subtypes may be identified based on their biochemical constituents. (Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) Olfactory bulb periglomerular cell Periglomerular neuron Olfactory bulb main periglomerular cell PGC PG cell March 31, 2009 lower motor neuron Large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle Fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha Alpha Motor Neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha 2007-09-05 SenseLab Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V1 V1 interneuron February 12, 2010 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. PMID 8915675 p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 OLM cell Sridevi Polavaram OLM OLM cells (oriens/lacunosum-moleculare associated cell) has as its defining feature a dense axonal arbor that is confined to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (also known as cells terminating in conjunction with entorhinal afferents). In principle the cell body and dendritic trees are located in the zones occupied by recurrent pyramidal cell collaterals. In CA3 this includes all strata except the stratum oriens. Hippocampus CA3 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron December 15, 2009 C0596981 sao519252327 myocyte Muscle Cell Muscle Cell uncurated http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/muscle_cell_sw_512x512.jpg Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (muscle fibers), cardiac (myocytes, cardiac), and smooth (myocytes, smooth muscle). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called myoblasts (MSH). CL:0000187 April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Inferior colliculus principal neuron Colliculus inferior principal cell Colliculus inferior principal cell SenseLab Colliculus inferior principal neuron Inferior colliculus principle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Olfactory bulb glomerular layer cell Olfactory bulb (accessory) glomerular layer cell periglomerular cell February 12, 2010 2007-09-05 Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. Equivalent to the periglomerular cell of the main olfactory bulb, but the glomeruli are less clearly differentiated. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region. Olfactory bulb glomerular layer cell Glomerular layer cell Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory bulb. In The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. April 15, 2009 Trigeminal nucleus principle cell 2007-09-05 Trigeminal Nucleus principle cell Trigeminal nucleus principle neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. SenseLab P cell 2007-09-05 Parvocellular cell 2007-09-05 Parvocellular cell NIF NG cells CA1 NG cells CA1 neurogliaform neuron is a GABAergic interneuron, these cells are positive for NPY and co-express the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin-2. They are not positive for PV and VIP. Characteristically these neurons has a round cell body and short, non-spiny dendrites that were arranged in a stellate patterns around the cell body, spatially localized to the SLM, and often enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The axons are branched profusely close to soma occupying greater area than dendrites, like dendrites axons also tend to occupy mainly the SLM, often traveling fairly long distances along the SLM axis and mostly even entering the neighboring molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform neuron Price CJ et al., 2005 NG June 8, 2010 Neuron with perikaryon located inside the Purkinje cell layer. It is squeezed, either between the bulging parts of the PC somata or in the space left free between their upper poles, just at the level of the lower border of the molecular layer. BAMSC981 Cerebellum candelabrum cell candelabrum neuron candelabrum cell Laine and Axelrad June 1, 2010 SenseLab December 10, 2008 SAO Giant cholinergic interneuron 2007-09-05 Large striatal aspiny neuron 'Large striatal aspiny neuron' added as a synonym Giant cholinergic interneuron Striatal cholingergic interneuron large striatal aspiny neuron This class has been retired. 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Type of neuron found in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Their cell bodies lie in the pyramidal cell layer and their dendrites span the molecular layer and are densely covered with spines contacted by parallel fibers. They share many features with cerebellar Purkinje neurons. These cells stain for GABA and glycine markers and contact pyramidal, giant an dother cargwheel cells through glycinergic synapses. Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell December 10, 2008 Cartwheel cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Dorsal cochlear nucleus cartwheel cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press Added the difinition and the definning citation. 2007-09-05 Shepherd, G. S. Synaptic organization of the brain Olfactory cortex large multipolar cell A type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep part of layer III of th eolfactory cortex and the subjacent endopiriform nucleus. Several subpopulations of deep multipolar cells may be distinguished based on morphology and physiology. Maryann Martone September 29, 2009 Olfactory cortex large multipolar neuron http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/ependymal_cell_sw_512x512.jpg C0228092 graph position temporary Ependymal Cell We are not sure whether ependymal cells should be considered a type of ependymoglial cell Ependymal Cell An epithelial cell lining the walls of the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord that secret cerebral spinal fluid. (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen (Cell Ontology). sao1714094301 CL:0000065 April 15, 2009 sao1267578530 Neocortex chandelier cell Cortical chandelier cell chandelier neuron Cortical chandelier Cell December 5, 2008 Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some cells have a more multipolar configuration. Neocortex chandelier cell Chandelier cell Chandelier neuron 2007-09-05 A protoplasmic astrocyte with extremely thin veil-like (vellous) processes. C0926509 uncurated sao1309473597 Velate Astrocyte Velate Astrocyte Striatal matrix spiny neuron that is located in the matrix compartment of the caudate nucleus. Caudate nucleus matrix medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Hair cell macula http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Macula hair cell March 19, 2009 Macula hair cell April 14, 2010 Hair cell located in the macula of the utricle April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/perivasc_astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg sao1239389 Astrocytes that are virtually devoid of neuron contacting processes that form extensive endfoot contacts to blood vessels. They have been found in rabbit and human retina but also occur elsewhere in the brain. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Perivascular Astrocyte graph position temporary Perivascular Astrocyte Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 3 April 15, 2009 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 3 uncurated Pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in layer 3 of neocortex. Layer 3 Pyramidal Neuron sao1123695773 Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 3 Retina interplexiform cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. NIF Retina interplexiform cell 2007-09-05 Interplexiform amacrine cell Definition modified and a synonym added sao862606388 Pyramidal Cell UMLS December 9, 2008 Pyramidal neuron CL:0000598 C0206441 Pyramidal cell Projection neuron in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation and some other brain regions. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region (MSH). uncurated This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. The CA3 basket cell is an interneuron located in hippocampus area CA3 characterized by a triangular or fusiform soma, with one to three dendrites extending from the cell soma. One of the three dendrites originate from the apical pole of soma, which then branch profusely, ascend through stratum radiatum, and often penetrate stratum lacunosum-moelculare. Primary basal dendrites are more numerous. They also branch close to soma and fan out toward the alveus, spanning the entire depth of stratum oriens. Hippocampus CA3 basket cell Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p357, PMID 8915675 December 15, 2009 CA3 pyramidal basket cell Sridevi Polavaram ORN Olfactory epithelium (main) sensory cell 2007-09-05 Sensory neuron stimulated by odor molecules (GMS 8-10-09) February 12, 2010 Olfactory receptor neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. olfactory receptor olfactory sensory neuron olfactory receptor cell OSN olfactory sensory cell Olfactory receptor neuron Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb, In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. This is the sensory neuron of the main olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity that transduces odor molecules into receptor potentials, which give rise to the impulse trains that are sent further in the olfactory system.. It is a small bipolar cell in the pseudostratified olfactory epithelium, with cell body 8-15 um diameter giving rise to a single dendrite ending in a knob at the epithelial surface, from which arise several sensory cilia. A single unmyelinated axon descends through the basal lamina and turns to project to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. NeuroMorpho.org Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell April 15, 2009 Spinocerebellar (dorsal) tract cell 2007-09-05 Spinocerebellar (dorsal) tract cell NIF 2007-09-05 Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell deep cerebellar nucleus glutamatergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus glutamatergic cell April 15, 2009 Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell DCN glutamatergic cell Dentate gyrus IS-I cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate gyrus IS-I class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Calretinin (CR) and establish multiple symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and somata of other CR-positive IS-I cells, Calbindin (CB) containing interneurons, and VIP-positive basket cells, but they do not innervate PV-containing interneurons. The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS I neurons appear in all layers of Dentate gyrus and more characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they form long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. DG Interneuron-specific cell p58 and p184. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007; Freund & Buzsaki 1996 p374, PMID 8915675 DG IS-I 17093119 December 5, 2009 Sridevi Polavaram Capillary Endothelial Cell Capillary Endothelial Cell uncurated sao1540081501 Hair follicle cell DRG hair follicle cell DRG hair follicle cell April 15, 2009 SenseLab A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. 2007-09-05 Retina bipolar cell midget Midget cell Retina bipolar cell midget April 15, 2009 NIF A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 A bulbous cell that is medially placed in one row in the organ of Corti. In contrast to the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer sensory hairs, and are less differentiated.(MSH) CL:0000589 Cochlea hair cell inner uncurated sao429277527 C0018497 Cochlear Inner Hair Cell Cochlea hair cell inner UMLS Alpha Tanycyte sao971374186 uncurated Alpha Tanycyte Type of glial cell found in the peripheral olfactory nerve with properties of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. December 12, 2008 OEC Olfactory ensheathing cell Definition needs work. Olfactory ensheathing cell Neurotransmitter reference: Broman, J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anatomy and Embryology 189(3): 181-214, 1994 April 3, 2009 Gracilis Nucleus intrinsic cell Gracilis nucleus intrinsic neuron Gracilis nucleus intrinsic cell SenseLab 2007-09-05 Gracilis Nucleus intrinsic cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. Superficial interneuron 2007-09-05 Superficial interneuron 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. V0 interneuron February 12, 2010 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0 Koniocellular cell Koniocellular cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 K cell NIF http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 uncurated sao1460710779 Motor Neuron http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 Motor Neuron CL:0000100 UMLS This class has been retired. Neurons which activate muscle cells (MSH). C0026609 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Retina ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Retinal Ganglion Neuron 2007-09-05 Retinal Ganglion Cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) giant cell April 15, 2009 Dorsal cochlear nucleus giant cell Giant cell 2007-09-05 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Giant cell Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2a Maryann Martone Dorsal tegmental nucleus small cell Small neuron located in the pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by a spindle or oval shaped neuronal somata, an irregularly-shaped deeply indented nucleus with a prominent nucleolus surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm containing mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus (not well developed) and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These cells stain lightly in Nissl preparations. No somatic spines are observed on the cell soma. Dorsal tegmental nucleus small neuron Hayakawa, T and Zyo, K. Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and axosomatic synapses. Anatomy and Embryology 177: 485-493, 1988. April 2, 2009 Substantia nigra dopaminergic cell December 5, 2008 sao34994437 Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 sao34994437 Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell Vasopressin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell May 19, 2009 Maryann Martone Retina stellate cell aspiny Retina stellate cell aspiny December 5, 2008 Aspiny cortical stellate cell 2007-09-05 Aspiny stellate cell Aspiny cortical stellate neuron April 15, 2009 Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell 2007-09-05 Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell April 15, 2009 Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA neuron Islets of Calleja dopamine cell Islands of Calleja dopamine cell Putamen matrix medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Striatum matrix medium spiny cell located in the matrix compartment of the putamen. Hair cell outer March 19, 2009 2007-09-05 Outer Hair Cell April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Hair cell outer Ciliary ganglion cell Ciliary ganglion cell sao1366775348 uncurated C0229060 April 15, 2009 Ciliary ganglion neuron Cochlear Outer Hair Cell CL:0000601 uncurated April 15, 2009 Mechanoreceptor cells in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. (MSH) Cochlea hair cell outer C0206513 sao1582628662 Cochlea hair cell outer April 15, 2009 Neocortex candelabrum cell 2007-09-05 Neocortex candelabrum cell Candelabrum neuron Candelabrum cell BAMS Large, multipolar neuron found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and in cranial nerve motor nuclei in the brain stem that innervate muscle. Definition and SAO_ID Added. Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron motoneuron May 28, 2009 Motor neuron 2007-09-05 Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron sao1460710779 The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate Gyrus IS-II class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II cells are present in all layers of Dentate gyrus. Dentate gyrus IS-II cell Sridevi Polavaram Page 58. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007; Freund & Buzsaki 1996 p374 p418, PMID 8915675 December 18, 2009 DG IS-II 8915675 DG Interneruon-specific II cell Neuron sao1417703748 December 4, 2008 C0027882 neuron cell CL:0000540 uncurated neuron April 7, 2010 nerve cell Neuron graph position temporary Oligodendrocyte found in gray matter in close association with neurons (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Perineuronal Oligodendrocyte sao1353298471 Perineuronal Oligodendrocyte C0949376 It is unclear to us whether perineuronal oligodendrocytes should be considered a separate class. 2007-09-05 Globose cell GBC Globose basal cell Globose cell A type of neural stem cell in the olfactory epithelium April 8, 2010 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. 2007-09-05 NIF Parasol cell Retina bipolar cell parasol Retina bipolar cell parasol April 15, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Cajal-Retzius Cell April 15, 2009 Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/Backend/BIRNLex_annotation_properties.owl#Maryann_Martone Neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. These cells were first described by Retzius (Retzius, 1893Go, 1894Go) (see the cell labelled ‘Retzius, 1893' in Fig. 1Go). There is consensus that homologous elements are present in the non-primate neocortex, where their morphology is much simpler, as initially described in 1891 by Cajal (Fig. 2Go) (Cajal, 1891Go). The definition of these cells has remained somewhat confusing, in part because Cajal and Retzius studied different species and different developmental stages, and also because their original publications have not been generally available. Meyer et al (1999)prefer to define ‘Cajal–Retzius cells' loosely, as the family of Reln-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the marginal zone, and reserve the term of pioneer neurons for the early, Reln-negative preplate derivatives that settle in the MZ and project to sub-cortical levels. Adapted from Meyer et al. (1999) Meyer, G. et al. (1999) What is a Cajal-Retzius cell? A reassessment of a classical cell type based on recent observations in the developing neocortex. Cerebral Cortex 9 (8), pp 765-775. Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell December 11, 2008 Neocortex Cajal-Retzius neuron Neurotransmitter reference: Broman, J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anatomy and Embryology 189(3): 181-214, 1994 April 3, 2009 April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Gracilis Nucleus principle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. Gracilis nucleus principal cell SenseLab Gracilis nucleus principal cell March 19, 2009 Dorsal root ganglion cell Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. 2007-09-05 SenseLab Dorsal root ganglion neuron Dorsal root ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. DRG cell Blanes neuron A large, stellate shaped short axon interneuron found in the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb. Added: Definition, synonym and defining citation. Main olfactory bulb short axon cell deep Olfactory bulb (main) deep short axon cell Olfactory bulb (main) Blanes cell Olfactory bulb main short axon cell deep Pressier, R. T. and Strowbridge, B. W. Blanes cells mediate persistent feedforward inhibition onto granule cells in the olfactory bulb. Neuron 49 (6): 889-904, 2006. February 12, 2010 Blane's cell Short axon cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. Blanes cell 2007-09-05 Dentate gyrus trilaminar interneuron Sik et al. 1997 PMID 9104599 February 12, 2010 Neuron with soma in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. The dendritic arbor orientation and axon collateral distribution of this neuron resembles most the trilaminar neuron 0f CA1 region. The axon collaterals extend logitudinally into strata radiatum, pyramidale and oriens, some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main branch entering the fimbria. The dendrites of these neurons run parallel with the pyramidal cell layer. Another special feature is these cells are calbindin-positive immunoreactive neurons. This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. CA3 LM interneurons p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 19496174 Sridevi Polavaram Hippocampus CA3 lacunosum moleculare neuron CA3 LM December 15, 2009 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. The CA3 Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum lacunosum-moleculare that receive converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. These LM neurons have dendrites that are oriented horizontally within the layer but occasionally have branches that extend into the pyramidal cell layer. The axon also takes a predominantly horizontal orientation and ramifies mainly in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare or superficial layer portion of the stratum radiatum. Retina ganglion cell large field NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Large field ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell large field A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. Colliculus Inferior GABAergic Principal Cell Winer et al, 1996 June 3, 2010 2007-09-05 December 9, 2008 Definition, defining citation and synonyms are added. Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. fusiform cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus fusiform cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. Bipolar neuron found in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells are characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the deep layer. The basal dendrites have few branches and receive inputs from the auditory nerve. The densely spiny apical dendrites are contacted by parallel fibers. Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal neuron Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell DCN April 15, 2009 Dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cell Thalamic reticular nucleus cell 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Thalamic reticular nucleus neuron Thalamic reticular neuron thalamic reticular cell Thalamic reticular nucleus cell 2007-09-05 Neostriatum SOM/NOS interneuron SOM/NOS interneuron somatostatin/nitric oxide synthase interneuron April 15, 2009 Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell S-cone cell NIF A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. S-cone cell 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and vGlut2 Zagaraiou et al., Neuron 64: 645, 2009 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0G June 9, 2010 V0G interneuron spinal cord V0G interneuron Maryann Martone Oxytocin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell May 19, 2009 http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/64/1/46.pdf February 12, 2009 July 14, 2009 W. Muller and U. Misgeld, Inhibitory Role of Dentate Hilus Neurons in Guinea Pig Hippocampal Slice, JOURNALOF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 64, July 1990 Hilar cell Dentate gyrus hilar cell Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. GC (AOB) Maryann Martone Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell Olfactory bulb accessory granule cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell April 3, 2009 The main intrinsic neuron in the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It resembles the granule cell in the main olfactory bulb, including the lack of an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and have synaptic outputs to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell Functinonally, known to have the role of self and lateral inhibition of mitral/tufted cells. (Gordon M Sephard, 8-10-09) Accessory olfactory bulb granule neuron Olfactory bulb accessory granule neuron Striatum patch medium spiny cell March 31, 2009 Inner Hair Cell April 15, 2009 Hair cell inner http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 Hair cell inner March 19, 2009 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. 2007-09-05 Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA interneuron Islets of Calleja Gaba interneuron Islands of Calleja Gaba interneuron 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell Neocortex Martinotti cell April 15, 2009 2007-09-05 Martinotti cell Neocortex Martinotti cell Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell March 19, 2009 uncurated Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell sao1919499702 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_84 Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. v.1.0 (January, 2009) - Updated with simplified import hierarchy of upper level ontologies as part of the transition from NIFSTD 0.5 to 1.0. This class has been retired CA2 pyramidal neuron April 15, 2009 CA2 pyramidal cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nlx_cell_20081204 March 15, 2009 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_70 March 19, 2009 uncurated This class has been retired. Globular Bushy Cell sao538050329 Globular Bushy Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 A behavioral paradigm in which subjects view images of moving body parts (Brain Map). April 8, 2010 Small excitatory neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. The axon of the granule cell ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates and runs parallel to the long axis of the folium, contacting Purkinje cell dendrites. This portion of the granule cell axon is known as a parallel fiber. uncurated BF_C000108 This class has been retired. Cerebellar Granule Cell Cerebellar Granule Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_128 sao1736323572 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1213292244 March 3, 2010 Oligodendrocyte precursor cell 2007-09-05 This class has been retired. SAO Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Cerebellar Stellate Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_130 Cerebellar Stellate Cell sao2046525601 uncurated Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_171 C0598800 Pericyte Pericyte sao1355908696 A flattened, or elongated, stellate-shaped solitary cell with multiple cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillary endothelium and contacting a large abluminal vessel area. It may be equivalent to the vascular smooth muscle cell, although this identify has not been conclusively determined yet (Armulik et al., Circ Res 97: 512, 2005). http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1813327414 Mural Cell This class has been retired. uncurated Rouget Cell CL:0000184 Pars laminaris dopaminergic cell Pars laminaris dopaminergic cell * This class has been retired. * Reason:There doesn't appear to be such as structure as pars laminaris. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_145 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 #sao666951243 SenseLab #sao1417703748 Cerebellar basket cell NIF Cerebellar basket cell March 19, 2009 SAO 2007-09-05 This class has been retired. 2007-09-05 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 Hair cell This class has been retired. http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao2046464388 2007-09-05 Hair cell nucleus of the stria terminalis 2007-09-05 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao131261273 This class has been retired Hippocampal pyramidal cell 2007-09-05 Hippocampal pyramidal cell Hippocampal pyramidal neuron sao68203136 Medium Spiny Neuron uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 This class has been retired Medium Spiny Cell http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/med_spiny_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg Medium Spiny Cell http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_141 BF_C000100 April 8, 2010 Electrophysiology